The Client :: essays research papers

I read the book The Client by John Grisham. This book was about a boy, named sic S sort, and is younger brother who witnessed a despicable suicide. Before the suicide, he talked to the lawyer who was about to kill himself. This lawyer, Jerome Clifford, had a client in New Orleans who had murdered a United States Senator and hid the body at the lawyer?s house. Right before he shot himself, the lawyer told Mark everything about his Mafia connected client. When the lawyer took his life, the younger brother went into shock, however Mark realized that he had to tell the police something. He didn?t want to tell them that he knew the whereabouts of the body for fear of the Mafia coming aft(prenominal) him. He just decided to tell the police that he and his brother were in the woods and they found the car and the lawyer?s body, not discriminating anything about it.Later, the police found Mark?s fingerprints around and inside the car, where he had been talking to the lawyer, and even on the gun. FBI agents and local police all hazard that Mark knew more than he was telling them. Mark hired a lawyer, Reggie Love, to help him get out of the mess he put himself in. A partner off newspapers got word of the fingerprints of the boy and they quickly made up stories that Mark was now suspected to be the killer of the lawyer. Mark realized that the best thing to do would be to let the police know where the body was and tell them the truth about everything he knew. The next day, he and Reggie had an appointment with some FBI agents. On the way to his lawyer?s office, Mark ran into a man obviously in the Mafia. He threatened to kill him if he told anyone about what Jerome Clifford had told him. He knew the man wasn?t joking because he was holding a switchblade to his face at the time. By this time, Mark no longer wants to talk to the authorities. Through all this, Mark?s mother was still living at the hospital, worrying about her youngest son, who was still in shock and co matose.Eventually, the FBI gets annoyed with waiting for Mark. They decide that he should be put in a juvenile home until he agrees to talk to them. Mark knows that he should not be in the home.

Liberalism and Social Contract Essay -- essays research papers fc

Liberalism and Social focus Charles Larmore speaks of moral complexity as it exists in a pluralistic sense. The idea of pluralism says that each and every person has their own separate predilection of the skilful as it appears to them. It is I virtually impossible to acquire to separate entities come up with the same exact concept of the Good Life and what it holds for them. As there are these conflicts ideals that exist in each of us it is possible for our conception of the good to come under attack from competing concepts that are held by others almost us. Some one who is Muslim may surrender a conception of the good that wants to eradicate me and my notion of the good. There needs to exist nigh centralized thought controlled by the call forth to protect each respective(prenominal) concept of the good that exists under the people it resides over. If pluralism is true and evident in society then there needs to exist a liberal state to have a manner of semipolitical order to protect the differing conceptions of the good that exists within it to protect the personal ideals. The main idea that Larmore is trying to set aside between the political order and personal ideals is that the Kants idea of the right being prior to the good is essential to the protection or cooperation of these two principles. Although this is a theory from Kant it is not a metaphysical like Kant brings up, rather it is a political movement that is necessary for the protection of individual personal ideals. The right of political neutrality must take priority over any individual conception of the good. This justifies political authority as the right of neutrality is more principal(prenominal) than the personal good because without any sort of neutrality of the state none of us would be able to keep our own ideals of what the good is and practice it in our lives. This principle of primacy of the right is a political ideal that does not need to extend into all of morality but is necessary in the manner of political order. This primacy is important in the manner that it literally allows for that personal good to exist. For a moment imagine if some one lived in Mooneyville and their conception of the good differs from everyone else around him. It is essential for this mooneyite to give primacy of the right in the political realm so he is able to hold his own conception o... ...king over their own conception of the good. Through this theory I think we have the best chance of holding our individual conception of good without having it attacked for any reason. This theory of liberalism holds only as far as people in the given society make their own attempts to create and maintain it. The theory engulfing these thoughts are only as good as they are put into practice in society as a whole and by the citizens that live with this inherent pluralism. Most modern societies have made a shift to these liberal states save a few totalitarian states. I am happy to give a way some of my freedoms to shoot another man to allow myself the freedom of worrying about being shot walking down the street. Of course there are unceasingly outliers that exist but either they are systematically brought into contract or thrown out of the society by way of prison or in a philosohpy department some where in Ohio. BibliographyDavison & Wolf. The iI dea of a Political Liberalism.Binmore, Ken. Game Theory and the Social Contract, Volume I Fair Play.Hampton, Jean. Hobbes and The Social Contract Tradition.Larmore, Charles. Patterns of Moral Complexity.

Police Brutality Essay -- Policeman Violence Rights Papers

Police BrutalityGovernment policies reflect choices made among conflicting values and m whatever different people, groups, and institutions influence policy decisions. Police brutality is influenced by many, such as our American political ideals of cultured rights and liberties, the political process in terms of the media and our political institutions, one which the courts. CIVIL RIGHTSWhats are out civil rights and liberties relating to the public policy issue of police brutality? Our civil rights and liberties are embedded in our constitution and state religion, freedom of speech, the rights to assemble peacefully and to quest the government, the right to bear arms, freedom of the press, the rights of the criminally accused, requirement of due process, and equal protection of the laws. Among these rights and liberties, we also have the right to not be inflicted any figure of cruel and unusual punishment. We as citizens of America have many rights and freedoms, of which we ex ercise everyday. The police are there to ensure us these rights and to protect harm to individuals or to society. However we as citizens tend to mistake police officers for robots who entail no hatred nor prejudices in other words society forgets that are also human. gentlemans gentleman enough to feel many different feelings, emotions and attitudes towards many different issues or even people. This is not to say that every police officer would subject a citizen towards this negative attitude but current events and statistics show that the civil rights and liberties of Americans are being challenged everyday of the hands of our protectors, the police. Police brutality may occur violating the rights and liberties of any individual at any given time. How... ... WORK CITED CIVIL RIGHTS The Challenge of Democracy, Janda 5th Edition P.217 Beyond The Rodney King Story, Ogletree Northeastern University Press, 1995 Violence And the Police, William Westley, The mit press, 1970 Ebonye,H ow TO STOP jurisprudence BRUTALITYHNS J. MASSAQUOI,V.46 JULY 1991 P.58-60 Essence,Up Against The Wall Black Men and CopsLEs Paynev.23 Nov.1992 p.72 Essence,The Black and The Blues, Jill Nelson v.29 Sep 1985 p. 91-93 Jet,NAACPS Wade Henderson Testifies On Capitol Hill About Police over reaction v.80 May 20,1991 p.32 THE MEDIA Washington Post, Bline Harden, June 14 1997 Washington Post,Frank G. Scifidi,March 16,1998 THE COURTS The Anarchical Society, Hedley bull, copyright 1997 Macleans, v.28 Dec 22,1997 Macleans, v.27 Dec 22 1997 The New York Times, Jan 1998, v147 p A18

Racism :: essays research papers

The sizzling streams of sunlight were just beautifully glimmering down on the crisp green direct yard. Such a wonderful day that was. Nothing could have ruined it. Little Jimmy, since it was such a wonderful day decided to go to the command store and buy himself a little treat. As little Jimmy started walking over to the store, clouds flocked over the dazzling sun and the sudden pitch bleak meant no trouble. On the other side of the road were three white sons from Jimmys same school. Upon recognizing Jimmy, the boys ran over the street to where he was. "Hey Negro, whats up?", one of the white boy said. "Did your mamma pack you enough to eat to-day?", another hooted. "Just leave me alone.", Little Jimmy said "Oh no, Jimmys really getting pist off?", the first boy retaliated. "Just shove off and let me be," Jimmy answered. It is like this everyday, everywhere, and everytime, people suffer discrimination. All because they have differences amo ngst each other. Different beliefs, different cultures, different p be down colour, all of these act like building blocks to help construct what we know as Racism. Racism has become one of the many burdens amongst multi-cultural worlds like Canada and the States. Racism is a part of each and every one of us. No doubt, we are all racist, but this the term racism has been used too loosely. Racism has been mutated to such an purpose that it could be a reason for war, a symbol of terrorism, and even an excuse for neglecting. Is that all there is to it? No, actually it is just the beginning. Racism is just like warfare in which there is no shelter and nobody is neutral. Nobody is exempt from this demon. He has haunted us with a bitter curse. On one liaison I remember, nobody would play with me at school. I would walk around by myself and ask people if we could play together. Everywhere that I went, like the help of induction, everyone would avoid me. Like two inducted poles with the same polarity, they would just shimmer off into the distance and continue to do whatever theyre doing. Because of racial differences, they neglect me. People are afraid of the unknown, and it is this difference amongst people that spread rumors and distrust amongst people. Corrupting our thoughts and reasons, we get accustomed to thinking differences are omens.

Solutions to E- waste problem Essay -- Recycling Electronics

In the last decades, technology became more sophisticated in creating modern devices. Consequently, in our disposable age most apparatus turn into aged ones in a couple of years or even months. This is one of the reasons why electronic devices become waste. E-waste is discarded, surplus, obsolete, or broken electronic devices or apparatuses. Most environment protection organizations maintain that e-waste induces health and pollution capers. The primary reason for this view is that most all of the electric devices contain hazardous substances which are toxic and are not biodegradable. There are mercury, lead, and chromium in parts like circumference boards, batteries, and color cathode tubes. These toxic components can easily enter the environment since they settle on the landfills. Hence, in order to protect our future life, we must determine the fitted solutions. The first solution to E-waste problem is to reduce the environmental impact with the help of recycling companies. The primary goal of these companies is to recycle dead electronics. Nowadays, recycling is a wide used solution as it can stop the pollution of environment. As well as environment pollution, greenhouse gas emissions could decrease. Materials which existed after recycling surgical operation can be reused in industry. A company sometimes produces a byproduct that is useful to another company, and sells or gives it away. Such byproducts are sometimes advertize in order to find buyers (Hill 2004, 285). By recycling people can minimize the use of raw materials. For instance, plastic, glass, steel and some precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum and palladium can be recycled and reused in industry(Electronics A parvenu opportunity for waste prevention, reuse, and... ... buy equipment that was made by using recycled materials. To solve the problem of e-waste pollution is not a simple one. It is also necessary, that is why resolution takes a big amount of time for thinking. Refe rence ListElectronics A new opportunity for waste prevention, reuse, and recycling. 2001. Environmental protection agency. http//epa.gov (accessed November 8, 2010).Electronics reuse and recycling. 2000. Environmental protection agency. http//epa.gov (accessed November 8, 2010).Hill, M. K. 2004. Understanding environmental pollution A Primer. 2nd ed. New York Cambridge University Press. Krikke, J. 2008. Recycling e-waste The alternate is the limit. IT Professional 10(1) 50- 55.McCarthy, M. 2010. The bid question How big is the problem of electronic waste, and can it be tackled. The Independent, February 24.

Solutions to E- waste problem Essay -- Recycling Electronics

In the last decades, technology became more sophisticated in creating modern devices. Consequently, in our disposable age most apparatus turn into sr. ones in a couple of years or even months. This is one of the reasons why electronic devices become waste. E-waste is discarded, surplus, obsolete, or broken electronic devices or apparatuses. close to milieu protection organizations maintain that e-waste induces health and befoulment problems. The primary reason for this view is that almost all of the electric devices contain hazardous substances which are noxious and are not biodegradable. There are mercury, lead, and chromium in parts like circuit boards, batteries, and color cathode tubes. These toxic components can easily enter the environment since they settle on the landfills. Hence, in order to protect our future life, we must determine the suitable solutions. The first solution to E-waste problem is to reduce the environmental blow with the help of recycling companies. Th e primary goal of these companies is to recycle dead electronics. Nowadays, recycling is a widely used solution as it can stop the pollution of environment. As well as environment pollution, greenhouse gas emissions could decrease. Materials which existed after recycling process can be reused in industry. A company sometimes produces a byproduct that is useful to another company, and sells or gives it away. Such byproducts are sometimes advertised in order to find buyers (Hill 2004, 285). By recycling people can minimize the use of raw materials. For instance, plastic, glass, steel and some precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum and palladium can be recycled and reused in industry(Electronics A new opportunity for waste prevention, reuse, and... ... buy equipment that was made by using recycled materials. To solve the problem of e-waste pollution is not a simple one. It is also necessary, that is why resolution takes a big amount of time for thinking. Reference ListEle ctronics A new opportunity for waste prevention, reuse, and recycling. 2001. environmental protection agency. http//epa.gov (accessed November 8, 2010).Electronics reuse and recycling. 2000. Environmental protection agency. http//epa.gov (accessed November 8, 2010).Hill, M. K. 2004. Understanding environmental pollution A Primer. 2nd ed. New York Cambridge University Press. Krikke, J. 2008. Recycling e-waste The sky is the limit. IT Professional 10(1) 50- 55.McCarthy, M. 2010. The bid question How big is the problem of electronic waste, and can it be tackled. The Independent, February 24.

Tourism in the Algarve

Albufeira, placed in the heart of Algarve, is one of the main tourist vagabond (if not the most tourist-intensive spot) in the whole of Portugal. Albufeira is famed for its pristine beaches, which are situated at the optic of the Algarve coastline, and its unusual cliff and rock formations. Flights to the airembrasure in Faroabout 30 km from Albufeiraare cheap, making it accessible for a wide range of budgets.Albufeira actually consists of two sections The old Albufeira, which is a fishing port with old Algarvian narrow streets and whitewashed structures and the new Albufeira, which is made up of more recent developments growing around the old section.For accommodations, there are plenty to drive from ranging from hotels to apartelles to campsites. One after part rent mobile homes in Albufeira Campinga value-for-money alternative to hotels.Albufeira offers a lot of choices for the beach-goer. Within a span of 5 km, you can find the capital of Cape Verde de Baleerira in the new m arina, the Praia do Peneco and Praia dos Pescadores (which are two beaches near the fishing town), and other equally delightful beaches such as Praia dos Alames, Praia do Inatel, Praia das Areias de Sao Joo, Praia dos Aveiros, and Praia da Oura. Other beaches are likewise easily accessible from the town.Albufeira is also famous for its nightlife. Bars, discos, and nightclubs abound The Strip in Albufeiras Montechoro section. Local restaurants serve seafood specialties such as cataplana (steamed shellfish) and caldeirada (fish stew).Restaurants specializing in various red jungle fowl dishes are also popular. Other sights of interest include Churches in various stages of disrepair and the Archaeological Museum that contains relics from Albufeiras colorful past.AlmancilAlmancil, a small market town dictated northwest of Faro, is famous as a center for two luxury beach resorts and residential developments along the Algarve, namelyVale do Lobo, which lies 2 miles south-central of Al mancil, and Quinta do Lago, about 6 miles southeast of the village. The town is a mere 20-minute drive from the Faro airport, which is a transportation hub for Almancil and its surrounding resorts.Almancil is important in providing goods and services to run into the needs of the two up-market developments. Also located here are many real estate offices and interior and furnishing shops. The town is also notable for the distinct pottery produced by locals.Areas of interest include the Church of Sao Lourenco east of Almancil, which showcases stunning azuleqo glazed tiles by the artist Policarpo de Oliveira Bernardes. These 18th century ceramic tiles exemplify the best of Algarvian architecture.Close by is the Sao Loureno Cultural Centre, an establishment regularly holding events such as art exhibits and music shows. Also located in Almancil is the Estdio Algarve (Algarve Stadium). Home ground of Louletano DC and SC Farense, the stadium is host to the 2004 European Football Championsh ip.Notable Almancil Beaches include, Praia do Anco, Praia do Garro, Praia da Quinta do Lago, Praia do Trafal, and Praia do Vale de Lobo.The Quinta do Lago complex near town is considered one of the most exclusive luxury developments in Southern Europe. It is popular with the English and is a retreat for many celebrities.The resort boasts a five-star hotel, first-class fine dining restaurants, and various luxury facilities. Rumor has it that Alan Shearer, George Michael, Luis Figo, Madonna, and Elton John own property in these areas.The tennis center is among the best in Europe and restaurants offering a myriad of cuisines catering to different palates are many. Also located in Almancil is the Almancil Karting, a unoccupied and competition complex. A replica of the former F1 Brazilian racetrack, it is a must-see for many for motor racing aficionados.AlvorAlvor is a relatively small coastal town located between Lagos and Portimao in the Algarve. The town can be reached by taking a ta xi from Portimao. Its main attraction as an international tourist center is the Alvor beach with its long, sandy beach that stretches till the Ria de Aivor estuary.

Mahogany Production vs Sugar Production Essay

When sugar became the major crop produced my plantation owners in the 18th century, many break ones backs were required to produce the commodity. It was a labourious and straining job due to the conditions. African slaves were imported to the Caribbean from the western coast of Africa. Some slaves though didnt all work on the sugar plantation some were exported to countries much(prenominal) as Honduras. In the paragraphs to follow, the differences between the slave labour and the way of carriage of slaves on the reddish brown plantation as opposed to that of those on the sugar plantation will be explored.A negative outlook on the proceeds of mahogany to that of sugar was the distance of the forests where the mahogany was located to the dwellings of the slaves. The trees were huge and grew singly throughout the forest, often many miles from a river. The slaves would have to leave their dwellings and family for many months while working on the mahogany plantations. This meant tha t the slaves wouldnt see their family for many months at a time. On the other hand slaves on the sugar plantation worked on the same land as their dwellings and families and were suitable to always be in contact with their family.In addition to the previous point mentioned, a positive outlook of mahogany output signal to sugar production was that the relationship between Europeans and slaves was far better on the mahogany plantation. The machete carrying slaves on the mahogany plantation were allowed to roam the jungle with perhaps the simply European present being the captain. There was sometimes a close bond between the owner and his slaves because unlike the planters who lived in England, mahogany traders only home was Honduras. The closer bond between the master and slave lead some slaves being freed when they aged or saving up money to corrupt their freedom. This was definitely not the case on the sugar plantation where planters lived in England and those who lived on the p lantation only interacted with the domestic slaves. They also lived on hills away from the slave dwellings where they were able to supervise but not be near to them.Secondly, another positive outlook in the comparison between mahogany productions to sugar production was that mahogany production provided a very distinct division of labour amongst the slaves. On the mahogany plantations the men cut the wood while the women tended to the crops. The men had jobs such as huntsmen who searched for wood who were almost invaluable to the captains, axmen who chopped down the trees and cattlemen who drove and fed animals which transported the trees. On the other hand, on sugar plantations, both women and men did strenuous work in the fields in the scorching hot sun throughout the days and there was little to no divide to what work women did as opposed to men especially after it became illegal to import slaves from West Africa.To conclude we can almost accept the fact that when comparing slave life and labour on mahogany plantations and sugar plantations, the life of those on the mahogany plantations had it easier. Although there were some negatives such as the distance from family and their homes and the long periods of time played out away from family, the positives outweigh the impact of the negative.

Bureaucracy is No Longer Appropriate Today

bureaucratism, first proposed by weber, was once considered as the best form of administration, coordination and control (Stazyk and Goerdel 2011). It was generally adopted by many declamatory social organizations and gradually became their mode of administration (Adler 1999). During the initial period of bureaucratism, it made great contribution to the proper organizing of large social or corporate governing body through specialization of roles, standardization of procedures and coordination of employees (Balle 1999). However, with age going by, the shortages and problems inside bureaucracy were exposed.It was rescriptd and im prove by many people. A model called post-bureaucracy was proposed to avoid and revise the disadvantage of bureaucracy (Johnson et al. 2009). The aim of this essay is to discuss the major advantages and disadvantages of bureaucratic systems in the aside and the present. This essay argues that bureaucracies argon definitely not appropriate in workplaces a t present for effective and efficient heed. At first, this essay will give an appropriate definition of bureaucracy and illuminate who has contributed to its development by referring Dwyer (2005) and Hodgson (2004).After that, based on the research of Balle (1999), Adler (1999), Hodgson (2004),Walton (2005), Sorensen (2007), Dwyer (2005) , Hales (2002), Stazyk and Goerdel (2011), this essay will critically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracy in the prehistoric and present, and in particular, impacts on managers and employees. Following that, this easy will analyze how bureaucratic wariness whitethorn be viewed contraryly today from the past by referring Johnson et al. (2009). Whats more, this easy will explore the context of management situations.It will in like manner critically analyze whether bureaucracies are appropriate for todays management based on the research of Walton (2005) and Hales (2002). At last this essay will message up the core arguments t his essay presents. Definition of bureaucracy and its development Bureaucracy is a kind of rational organization of management, which is centralized and hierarchically organized. It is characterized by a situated division of labor, layers of authority, inunlike relationships and formalistic rules and procedures (Dwyer 2005).The historical process of bureaucracy theory, from proposal to evolution, was integrated with the contribution of numerous theorists and practitioners. In the early 20th century, Weber first proposed his prototype type of bureaucracy (Adler 1999). His idea laid the foundation of organization theory. The ideal type of bureaucracy had a profound effect on the way large social organizations organized. It helped large-scale organizations avoid chaos and assure efficiency.However, as an ideal model, many scholars criticized, revised and improved Webers ideal type of bureaucracy and made their own contribution to the development of it (Dwyer 2005 Hodgson 2004). For example, Taylor founded the Scientific Management School and it emphasizes maximum productivity and compact division of labor (Dwyer 2005). mayo began and developed man relations school and it emphasizes the free of constraints of bureaucracy (Dwyer 2005). Heckscher proposed post-bureaucracy and postulated specific difference between the traditional bureaucracy and the post-bureaucratic model (Hodgson 2004).All these schools above, as well as many another(prenominal) advanced theories and approaches, have contributed to the development of bureaucracy. The inherent advantages and disadvantages of bureaucratic system in the past and the present will be discussed as follows. Advantages of bureaucracy Bureaucracy provides a good way to deal with large organizations. In the past, organizations were insufficiency of theoretical guidelines of management. Balle (1999) claims that duplication of labor, low level of resources utilization and inefficiency of work existed in large-scale org anizations before the proposal of bureaucratic management.At present, many large organizations still organize their management in the form of bureaucracy to avoid chaos (Adler 1999). Bureaucracy provides a series of documents that describe the working procedures as well as rigid rules and regulations to make organizations run properly (Hodgson 2004). Even in todays organization, documents and manuals are provided to make employees know exactly their roles. Organizations operate as a machine. Managers give orders while employees act as components and parts of the machine with the guidance of bureaucratic management.They work cooperatively, concertedly and thus effectively. According to the guidance, employees know exactly what they should do and managers would have a chance of supervising everyone in the company. For example, the long-lasting feudal model has proved the advantage of bureaucratic system to manage such a large whale (Balle 1999). The effective control of organizations and efficient use of resources make large-scale turnout possible. Specialization is another feature of bureaucratic organizations as every employee is allocated to a particular task to perform.In the past, it was human resources not machines that constructed the basic productive force in organizations. So it is of great importance to deploy the human resources (Johnson et al. 2009). Even today, employees in the large organizations have take up assignment of work and responsibility. Bureaucratic management emphasizes the clear division of work and specific boundaries to responsibilities. So employees goat concentrate more on his or her specialized trade and learn more about it (Balle 1999). The reply is more, better and cheaper productions.For example, like a flow production, employees just focus on their own part of work and need not take care of others. A production is completed when all the work of employee is combined. The coordination of employees and explicit division of w ork will increase the speed of production and save more time (Adler 1999). The egress is the improvement of the efficiency of the production system. Whats more, with the clear awareness of the role of employees, managers wad properly manage employees and allocate resources. Then the lastingness of management can be improved.Bureaucratic system needs fewer individuals to make strategic decisions based on its hierarchical structure and decision- reservation time can be shorter. Nowadays, quick rejoinder to the market and rapid decision-making are possible because of the hierarchical structure of bureaucratic system. The hierarchical structure is like a pyramid with employees on its bottom and managers on its top (Hales 2002). In the past, in traditional organizations many relevant individuals took part in the decision-making meeting. The meeting might be held one round and another to stimulate a common agreement.It is a waste of time and may be inefficient. In contrast, fewer in dividuals from the top of pyramid are involved in making strategic decision with the bureaucratic management (Stazyk and Goerdel 2011). This will shorten the decision-making time and free the organizations of the risk of missing opportunities. As a consequence, the response time to the market is reduced and the timeliness of production is improved (Adler 1999). In this way the efficiency of production can be improved. However, as an ideal type of mode, bureaucracy excessively has some inherent disadvantages. Disadvantages of bureaucracyBureaucratic organizations are generally found to be rigid and inflexible because employees should strictly abide by the formalized rules, regulations and documents. Nowadays, the society is ever-changing with the time and bureaucratic systems are viewed as red tape and rule proliferation (Stazyk and Goerdel 2011). With the changing conditions in the marketplace or industry, organizations constrained by rigid and inflexible rules and regulations can find themselves less able to fit the rapid changing environment (Walton 2005). The change of rules and regulations may be much slower than the variation of marketing or industrial environment.Much of the urgencies may fail to be dealt with because of the constraint of rigid and inflexible rules and regulations. The result is an inefficient management. In the past, to make the large-scale organization operate normally, the human side of things is ignored and rules and regulations are emphasized. But nowadays, people-oriented management emphasizes the empowerment and autonomy instead of rules and regulations (Dwyer 2005). Bureaucratic organizations may discourage creativity and innovation because employees must perform the task accord to a set of rigid procedures.As the key factors to compete with various counterparts, creativity and innovation are emphasized more today than the past in organizations (Hales 2002). But to bureaucratic organizations, rigid or even outdated rules and re gulations place so many unnecessary limits on employees (Adler 1999). They can hardly cipher and act of their own. When employees confront problems that need a new solution, their new ideas may be prevented by the restrictiveness of bureaucracy. Whats more, in bureaucratic systems employees are lack of initiative, passion and sharing of ideas. This will leadership to a lack of creativity and innovation.These two factors are of significant importance for organizations to withstand and keep the core competitiveness in such a rapid changing environment (Sorensen 2007). Without creativity and innovation, organizations can no longer achieve the quality goals and enhance the ability to survive and complete effectively in the changing business environment. The result is the ineffectiveness of management. Impersonality is the feature of bureaucracy and it emphasizes a mechanical way of performing task. In the past, organizations indispensable management based on rational and impersonal rules and regulations.The rules and regulations have been legally established to minimize cost and maximize control (Hales 2002). The result was that employees worked like robots according to the impersonal rules and regulations. They had no emotions and belongingness of organizations. Thus their attitudes and mental dispositions may be influenced by bureaucracy (Sorensen 2007). Nowadays, organizations emphasize more on employees needs and emotions, quite than impersonal rules and regulations. Organizations that stick to impersonality may lead to dehumanization, whats more, the friction between employees and manages (Dwyer 2005).The result is the depression of employees personality and weak belongingness to their workplace. They may do their job without secure of passion or even conflict with the order of managers. This will lead to an effectiveness of management. After the discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of bureaucratic management in the past and present, discu ssion below will analyze the differences of bureaucratic management today from the past. Difference of bureaucracy nowadays and in the past Bureaucratic management is different today from the past.Firstly, Organizations emphasize more on quick response and less hierarchical structure than a set of rigid procedures. To keep up with the changing business environment, much of the unnecessary rigid and inflexible rules and regulations must be changed or removed (Hodgson 2004). Empowerment and responsible autonomy of employees are needed rather than the rigid procedures (Johnson et al. 2009). The result is a remarkable improvement of efficiency in management.Secondly, creativity and innovation are the core competitiveness for organizations to compete with their counterparts andtherefore those limits of bureaucratic systems on employees should be eliminated (Hales 2002). Employees are encouraged to propose or experiment their new ideas regardless of the constraint of rigid procedures beca use rigid procedures may bring effectiveness to organizations (Stazyk and Goerdel 2011). Last but not least, human-based management has been widely accepted in organizations and the impersonality of bureaucracy is no longer encouraged. Employees can feel the care and warmth of human-based management and improve their belongingness and the well-being of the organization.The result is more hard-working employees and the improvement of effective management. After discussing the differences of bureaucratic management today from the past, an analysis of bureaucracys inappropriateness for todays management will be given as follows. Bureaucracys appropriateness for todays management The context of management situations is different from past and bureaucracy is definitely no longer appropriate today. It is true that bureaucracy made great contribution to the progress of management when it was first proposed by Weber (Walton 2005).But with the development of society, the disadvantages of bur eaucracy gradually appeared. Nowadays organizations call for flexible and humanized rules and regulations, quick response to the changing environment and employees, creativity and innovation and belongingness of employees (Hales 2002). In other words, organizations need the effective and efficient management that can make them survive and compete in this rapidly changing world. All of these above are conflicted with bureaucracy. So bureaucracy is no longer appropriate for todays management. However, there are still a lot of places can be learnt from bureaucratic system.Conclusion In conclusion, bureaucracies are definitely not appropriate in workplaces today for effective and efficient management. The following statements sum up the finding of this essay to support the conclusion. Firstly, the rigid and inflexible rules and regulations of bureaucratic system often result in a failure of quick response to the changing environment. It may lead to an inefficient management especially f or large-scale organizations. Secondly, creativity and innovation may be discouraged by a set of rigid procedures of bureaucratic system and therefore lead to an ineffective management.Thirdly, employees perform task in a mechanical way according to the impersonal rules of bureaucratic system. The result is that employees can hardly feel the belongingness to their workplace. This may lead to a failure of work and an ineffective management. All of these above demonstrate that bureaucracy is not appropriate for todays management. However, there are still shining points that can be learnt from bureaucratic management. When dealing with the management of large-scale organizations, bureaucracy and modern management methods can be mixed to operate a better control of organization and an effective and efficient management.

Orthodontics Essay

I am currently a 4th course dental student and I would like to apply for a postgraduate residency in Orthodontics. I have assessed the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing this career and I find oneself that being of service to a lot of people and raising their self-esteem by beautifying them is what drives me towards this direction. I have always focused on both the forcible as well as the mental enhancement of my capabilities. I have learned to focus on achievement not only as flavorless numbers on a page, but as an indicator that I am getting better, making progress toward being the dress hat I place be.I believe I nookie be of help to the community where I belong in both the short term and long term. I know that I do not have the luxury of mediocrity or pessimism or apathythat peak performance is demanded in this profession, We have every last(predicate) been in situations where the best of ourselves emerged at levels we previously thought impossible, and have seen s uch moments in our families, in projects that worked. I had been in projects and cultural and social activities in enlighten that I feel would help me contribute in my efforts in pursuing Orthodontics.I believe in team productivity that would help serve self-development and individual(prenominal) fulfillment, and by extension, the vitality and prosperity of the school where I plan to pursue further studies. I know I can contribute to the school in my own small way because I feel most alive when engaged full-throttle. Call it positive addiction, a contributory obsession, a passion to have ones self through ones work, yet I thrive in that and I cant wait to communicate my energies towards these worthy efforts.I have made further explorations of what this university stands for and what it has to offer, and I have to say that my appreciation of this university has grown. I have learned that it stands not only for faculty member excellence that prepares students for the challenges o f career and real life, but also for a value-ladened education that emphasizes values education and a concern and commitment for a more humanitarian and just world. This university aroused my interest in particular, because it fits in with my earlier notions that education should include immersion in real life problems and challenges.I am provoke and eager to find out how I can fulfill my potential by subjecting myself to the discipline and immersing myself in the daily life of this University and the many issues tied to being an educated and compassionate person in a complex world. After much reflection, I have come to regard this University as one of the best options for a young person like me. I am excited at the prospect of being considered for admission here. I hereby present myself with a strong grasp of fundamentals in dentistry, an insatiable thirst for knowledge and an array of teaching, leadership and team member skills.I sincerely hope that my priming and undergraduate qualifications are deemed appropriate for higher studies in your university. I feel my best work is still in the future. I believe I can contribute and make a difference, and successfully complete the requirements, if given a chance. I am full of enthusiasm and am eager to bring to exile my personal strengths and interests, and my zeal to excel in my chosen field to the pursuit of excellence in my areas of interest.

Business Proposal for a Tutoring Agency Essay

Executive SummaryThe proposal is for a tutoring comp any based in the East London ara in theUK. This is going to be a partnership that onlyow be forged among 3 partners Shirin Akhter, Meer Hossain and Faisal Ifitkhar. The backup aloneow for be financed by the partners themselves, with the doughs distri just nowadaysed proportionately after be ar considered.The cloistered tutoring industry in the UK is this instant experiencing a steady growth, with people paying a considerable amount of money per hour to secure the assistances of an academically qualified tutor. and, this caller-out is focused more(prenominal) on creating a market for people that place non afford to pay 70 to 100 for a tete-a-tete tutor. either 3 of the partners had some experience in being both bookmans to esoteric tutors and private tutors themselves, and thereof have collaborated to utilise the combined skills to enter the market of secluded Tutoring.The first step of this venture is to num erate up with a profession plan. The plan exit act a document that volition assist in the development of the partnership. As there is very minimal cost consideration involved in this project, the partners be not seeking any financing from any other investors.The Market base on several(a) impudentlys reports, personal research conducted on p atomic number 18nts residing in the East London area and considering the experience and efficacy of the partners (who will be the tutors as well), the federation has found out the ideal target market. The target market has 3 separate segments Students preparing for the Entrance Exam, 13+ and GCSE students. The initial base of students will comprise of children of various parents the tutors have a personal affiliateion with. The cultural similarity (the tutors and potential parents are of Bangladeshi ethnicity) is therefore the opposite factor in this think. However, the company wishes to become one of the largest tutoring agencies in E ast London. Therefore it plans to tutor children from other cultural backgrounds gradually.The ServicesThe services addd to the target will comprise of one to one tutoring, conclave tutoring, GCSE trial preparation and online services (social media). The company would ideally promote groups sessions as it is cost impressive for both tutors and the students. Although private sessions mess be deemed as being focused and intensive, group session make room for healthy debate and dissertateion, thus enhancing the learning procedure. The procedure of inform would be based on personal skills coupled with feedback from other partners and feedback from the students. The focus of the services is not of immediate satisfaction of queries, but of better apprehensiveness of the concepts link up to tutoring.The subjects in which the company offers private tutoring complicate melodic phrase Studies, Accounting, Physics, Chemistry, Science and Mathematics, and verbal and Non-verbal Reason ing.Promotion and advertisingThe initial base of students that have been proposed here are not at par with the rich families, therefore the USP of the proposed company is that it will provide tutoring service to students for a reasonable price. It has been noticed that the fair(a) price range for tutors in East London is 15 to 20 per hour, therefore the company will provide the sessions 1 and half hour long for the same money. It can therefore establish itself as a company that is inexpensive.The partnership wishes to use the most effective advertising for the minimal cost as well. Therefore it would use password of Mouth as its main advanceal tool. Satisfied students and their parents are therefore the most important component in their promotional mix. The company will likewise make use of Social Media for promoting the company, as well as to use the online platform for feedback from the students and to assist the students online when needed. The company would similarly have some sales promotion in the form of introductory price offer, such as getting 5 sessions for the price of 4. However, the details of such sessions are yet to be discussed. watchfulnessThe management of the company would comprise of all 3 partners, however, as per the legal requirement of UK, Meer Hossain will act as the nominated / general partner for the company. However the need for the partners to act as managers will only arise after it has grown considerably. The managers are therefore the employees of the company.All 3 partners are Graduate and professionals who excessively had experience as private tutors. The partners likewise have experience in working as supervisors / managers in their own professional area. They have become more and more culturally tolerant and astute, as they have been working in a multicultural country for more than a few days.The management will act as trainers when the company is going to start employing other tutors for the company.Future plansThe company plans to extend it services to let in Undergraduate students as their customers. The company as well has plans to set up a website, as well as start the option of word picture conferencing in the afterlife.1. Description of the avocation1.1. MissionThe company would get on teaching in an innovative and unique way with the idea of helping creating a bridge between students and the subject they need to have a entire grasp on. The produced and focused go of teaching would equip the students with the necessary tools needed for improving their apprehension and thus achieving success in their studies. The company is valued by the mental satisfaction and the observable outcomes of the students. The success of the company rests on the success of the students.1.2. The key factors1. Creating effective and innovative methods of advent respective(prenominal) subjects and the roles within them for the easiest possible understanding of the challenging subject matters.2. Incre asing market presence via word of mouth promotion achieved through the excellence in service and knowledge distribution.3. Creating a continual feedback process whereby the needs of the individuals are assessed and the processes tailored as a result.1.3. Goals1. To be the market leader in tutoring service in East London, circumstantialally in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets by the end of year 4.2. To double the revenue of the company by the end of Year 2.3. To extend the tutoring service to Undergraduate students by the end of Year 2.4. To establish a strong online presence via interactive web learning process by the end of year 2.1.4. Scope of the transactionAccording to Smith (2012), a micro-business is defined by the involvement of 1 to 4 people, and a small business has 5 to 20 people in the enterprise Smith, H. (2012) Learn elfin Business dineroup in 7 Days, Wiley, Milton, QLD, AUS, p 2. The proposed Tuition agency can be therefore defined as a micro-business as the r esult of people in the core business would be 3, at least at the outset. As far as the goals and objectives are concerned, the business nonpluss to be slightly bigger that a small business as far as the aforementioned definition is concerned.1.5. The companyThe proposed company would provide tutoring services in few selected subjects for students ranging from 11+ to the GCSE qualification, focusing mainly in the East End of London, UK. The courses the company aims to provide tutoring support entangles Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Business Studies and Accounting. The company would to a fault provide tutoring supports for students interested in other subjects, but would act as a contact point would primarily outsource such tasks, acting as an intermediary in the process.The tutoring sessions would focus on assisting students grasping seemingly difficult concepts in the aforementioned areas of champaign. The process taught would help them perform better in their various(prenomi nal) schools and / or educational institutes. It would withal help them create a outline for any forthclimax exams. The service would also assist them in understanding the effective method of writing various essays relating to the subject(s). The company aspires to prepare student in a manner where they would empowered to solve various problems on their own, rather than approaching individual tasks on a short term basis.1.6. The ownersThe proposed company would be owned by 3 people Shirin Akhter, Meer Hossain and Faisal Iftikhar. The company would therefore be a partnership. The ownership is expected to remain unchanged, but extenuating circumstances might bring change to the ownership structure.1.7. Legal and regulatory frame of the companyBased on the classification as stipulated by UK, the owners will form a modified partnership Limited Partnership GPO2, http//www.companieshouse.gov.uk/about/gbhtml/gpo2.shtml, accessed 10 opulent 2013. Therefore the owners or partners of th is company will be liable for all debts and obligations, however, the scope of such debts and obligations will not be more than the individual investments towards the company.As mentioned in the proposal, the company would be registered as a partnership. According to the present definitions set out by the Department of Work and Pensions, the owners (partners) of the company would therefore be separate as self-employed. The company would not itself pay any taxes rather taxes would only apply on the individual revenues of the partners in the business Set up a business partnership, https//www.gov.uk/set-up-business-partnership, accessed 10 lordly 2013.Some of the call of the agreement will include the following1. The profit of the business will be proportionate to the initial capital invested by the individuals entering into the agreement.2. Meer Hossain has concord to be the nominated partner as per the requirement of the the UK government for a partnership at the outset. Therefor e the company will look at Meer Hossain as the only limited partner / general partner at the outset. Any amendments would be discussed upon and the changes would be done accordingly.3. The partners will also act as the employees of the company, and they would receive salary as employees of the company according to the service they provide, based on the rates fixed.1.7.1. DBS ChecksThe revelation and Barring Service (DBS) has recently replaced the CRB checks in the UK. Although this is not a requirement for private tutors in terms of their business Fagg, H. (January 19th, 2013) radical Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) What it means for private tutors, http//www.thetutorblog.com/tag/crb/, accessed 10 howling(a) 2013, because the target market for this business involves working with children, the partners, as employees, would apply for a DBS check on themselves with Disclosure Scotland, a branch of DBS that allows for self employed tutors residing in England, Scotland and Wales to be checked. It is considered tobe an essential part of the company Guide Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks (previously CRB checks), https//www.gov.uk/disclosure-barring-service-check, accessed 10 August 2013.2. Business opportunitiesAn investigation into a possible business always begins by analysis various opportunities. Therefore all the sources relating to an opportunity should be studied and analysed, and the process should also be done on a systematic and regular basis Murthy, C.S.V. (2010) Small Scale Industries and Entrepreneurial Development, orbicular Media, (Mumbai, IND), p 43.The tutoring service is not something novel in idea however, the aim of the company is to provide the service at a reasonable cost. According to Lesonsky (2001), it is not necessary (for most start-up companies) to come up with a new and unique idea. A new business can venture into an existing industry, planning on how it can improve on the existing practices and how it can differ from its competition Lesonsky, R. (2001) prick Your Own Business The Only Start-Up Book Youll Ever Need, Entrepreneur Press, Irvine, CA, ground forces, p 24. The partners in this regard have agreed on an opportunity that they feel they can make the most use of by becoming the affordable solution to tutoring needs.2.1. The driving forces2.1.1. ExperienceAs Amar Bhide looked into the private ventures in America, he discovered that new ventures in the country were usually problems that the founders of such companies faced themselves and were looking at solving those problems. 71% of these domain experts were actually people who approached an existing problem other than in their area of business, whilst 20% used their serendipitous ideas in their new business ventures Price, R. W. (2004) Roadmap to Entrepreneurial Success Powerful Strategies for construct aHigh-Profit Business, AMACOM Books, Saranac Lake, NY, USA, p 73.The 3 tutors have all come from Bangladesh, where they already had ex perience of being taught by a private tutor and being a tutor themselves. They have all felt that for some of the trickier subjects, such as higher mathematics (Binominal Equations, Matrices, Calculus, Statics and Dynamics etc.), Physics and Quantum Physics, Organic Chemistry and various other subjects required that the students have a special understanding extracurricular the realms of a classroom environment. However it was not really a business plan until recently, when they realised that there is a increase demand for such personal tutoring in the UK as well.As mentioned by Pinson and Jinnett (2006), an entrepreneur can look into his or her interests and volunteer experience for an idea of a business. They also added that capability is important in regards of a new business, and any specialised skills that can complement Pinson, L. and Jinnett, J. (2006) Steps to Small Business Start-Up Everything You Need to bash to Turn Your Idea Into a Successful Business, Dearborn Trade, A Kaplan Professional Company, Chicago, IL, USA, p 2-3. The partners realised that their experience in being both students and private tutors can come in handy for the new business setup. Therefore they agreed to come up with this new business venture.2.1.2. A rising marketThe market of private tutoring is now experiencing a surprising growth in the UK. According to a recent science report by the BBC Burns, J. (2 August 2013) sequestered tutors boost grammar risks, suggests survey, http//www.bbc.co.uk/ intelligence agency/education-23547666, accessed seventh of August, 2013, A pilot study found out that many parents in the UK nowadays rely on the service of private tutors to increase the chance of their children of securing a place in a grammar school. As the poll suggests, around 72% of the 212 first year grammar school students surveyed had undergone private tutoring for entrance exams during their final years in primary schools. Of this 72%, 5% received private tutoring as pa rt of a small group, whilst 67%of the grammar school students subscribed to a matched form of private tutoring. Around 78% of these students believed that private tutoring was helpful for them in the enhancement of their performance in the entrance exam. Prof Judy Ireson mentioned that some of the parents perceive that this process of private tutoring is rational as it can help their children to perform well in the entrance exams for schools of their choice Burns, J. (2 August 2013) Private tutors boost grammar chances, suggests survey, http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-23547666, accessed 7th of August, 2013.In a news report in 2009, Guardian stated that 45% of students based in London has had a private tutor. The percentage is now increasing, and according to TES, around 25% of all students between 11-18 years of age have all received some form of private tutoring, specifically in mathematics Dyer, A. (24 July 2013) Private Tuition Is on the Rise, Should the application Be Regul ated? HUFFPOST STUDENTS United Kingdom, http//www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/alex-dyer/private-tuition-regulation_b_3643876.html, accessed 8th August 2013.2.1.3. Better return on investment incidentPrivate tutoring is pretty common in more affluent households. There are few London based tutoring firms that hire graduates from Oxford and Cambridge, who sometimes charge a hefty amount of 70 100 for a one hour session, just for the preparation of entrance exams. There are also reports that suggest that parents on average incomes are also subscribing to the service of private tutors, as mentioned by the private tutoring chain Explore Learning Aug 17th 2013 Private tuition bounteousness economy, The Economist (British Edition), http//www.economist.com/news/britain/21583707-private-education-becoming-more-egalitarian-premium-economy, accessed 20th of August, 2013.2.2. Potential CustomerThe tutors for the company are all qualified as graduates. However, given the scenario as depicted in the n ews reports above, the tutors have decided notto teach, as of now, any higher than GCSE level. The target market in this regard can be broadly classified into 3 segmentsPre-Entrance students Students who want to prepare for entrance for a grammar school of their choice fall into this category. The subjects that would be taught in this regard include Mathematics, Verbal Reasoning and Non-verbal reasoning. English has been excluded collectable to the non-native status of the tutors.13+ students Students in this target student can receive tutoring in Science, Mathematics and Verbal and Non-verbal Reasoning.GCSE students for the GCSE students, the subjects that will be covered will include Business Studies and Accounting, Science, Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics.2.3. CompetitionTutors are generally people who have specific expertise and little extra time. A significant amount of competitors are mainly one-to-one private tutors that advertise on various online websites, such as Gumtr ee http//www.gumtree.com/other-tuition-lesson-services/london/private+tutor, accessed 09 August, 2013.With the festering number of tutoring agencies with a physical giving medication and a strong online presence, the competition in the private tutoring market is varied and intense. According to a directory website of East London, the average rate per hour as charged ranges from 15 to 20 per hour http//www.hometutorsdirectory.co.uk/EastLondonTutors.html, accessed 09 August, 2013.3. marketing plan and StrategyThe difference between a rapidly growing company and a slowly growing or declining company operating in the same target market is in the effectivemarketing of the former. As an example, companies such as Coca-Cola, Frito-Lay and Gillette have all succeeded in their respective market because of the fact that they were able to market better than their competitors. Therefore to grow a business, it is essential to become an effective marketer, promoter and advertizer as well Hen ricks, M. (2001) farm Your Business, Entrepreneur Press, Irvine, CA, USA, p 152.The marketing plan in this regard includes the construction of a successful strategy for the target. Burk and Lehman (2004) define strategy as a plan of action that has been designed purposely towards a goal or a set of goals. The components of a good strategy should include an opinion of the state of the business at the time of formulating the strategy, identification of the goals to be achieved, and the processes adopted to reach the goal and to consider the problems in the process Burk, J. and Lehman, R. (2004) Financing Your Small Business, Sphinx Publishing, an Imprint of Sourcebooks, Inc., Naperville, IL, USA, p 21.3.1. Initial essentialsThis is a start-up business therefore an analysis of present performance of the business cannot be done. There are however a few essentials that has been agreed upon before the business can be started. These essentials include3.1.1. DBS checksThe DBS checks of th e 3 person involved will be done via Disclosure Scotland, and will cost 25 for each person involved Disclosure Scotland Apply online for Basic Disclosure Cost, http//www.disclosurescotland.co.uk/apply-online/cost, accessed 10 August 2013.3.1.2. Registration and licensingThe Company recognise would be registered and would aim for a certifiedcertificate by filling up an IN01 form and that would cost 20 http//www.companieshouse.gov.uk/infoAndGuide/faq/register bran-newComp.shtml, Accessed 19 August, 2013. The company would also apply for a limited partnership by filling up an LP5 form LP5 form, LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS ACT 1907 Application for Registration of a Limited Partnership(In accordance with section 8 of the Limited Partnerships Act 1907), http//www.companieshouse.gov.uk/forms/generalForms/LP5_Application_for_Registration_of_a_Limited_Partnership_and_Statement_of_particulars_and_of_the.pdf, and the cost in this regard is also 20.3.1.3. Company AddressFor the time being, the compan y will be registered against the residential address of Meer Hossain as the nominated / general partner of the firm.3.2. Objectives of the BusinessThe goals of the business have already been discussed in the short description of the business. However, in this section, the goals would be further broken crop up in what is known as injure objectives.SMART is an acronym that is commonly used for determining objectives of a business. SMART objectives are objectives that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timebound, or SMART Martin, V. (2006) Managing Projects in Human Resources, Training and Development, Kogan Page Ltd., London, GBR, p 11.Based on the goals of the organisation, the objectives set for the company therefore are as follows1. To have an overall average revenue of 5,000 per month at the end of 1st year.2. To increase the revenue to 10,000 at the end of year 2.3. To employ at least 2 topical anesthetic (UK academic qualification) graduate students before th e end of year 2.4. To create an interactive website at the end of year 2 for potential and existing customers.The objectives here contract are mostly related to the expected future performance of the business.3.3. The Unique Selling Proposition (USP)It is important for a company to come up with a USP for its products or services to stand out from the competition. USP has been defined by Rosse Reeves (1961) as a proposition that communicates to the customers about a unique benefit that can be acquired from a product or service and the benefit needs to have enough power to account for considerable revenue Reeves, R. (1961) Reality in Advertising, Knopf, impertinently York, NY, USA. USP was considered to be advertising imperative for any brand building exercise.This company will promote tutoring at a reasonable cost. The USP of this company is therefore affordable education for aspiring students. It is evident that although the target customers are students, the USP will be aimed at parents who would pay for the service and therefore would see the benefit in this process3.4. PricingAfter looking at various figures in the market, the pricing that has been set for various students are as followsFor Entrance Exam preparation 15 per session of 1 and half hour.For 13+ tutoring 15 per session of 1 and half hour.For GCSE preparation 20 per session of 1 and half hour.The pricing has been agreed upon based on the market in East London, and the quoted price above offers more for the money as spent in the existing market of Private tutoring.3.5. Promotion and AdvertisingThe company would be promoted via 2 major media The net and word of mouth. The former can also be termed as Social Media Marketing, and will rely mainly on a Facebook page. There would also be Sales promotion, therefore inserting a bit of incentive for the beginners and encouraging bulk bargain for for the company.3.5.1. Word of MouthAs it has been mentioned before, the partners of the company has each c onducted (unstructured) data collection in areas in the Tower Hamlets Borough in an attempt to assess the need of a tutoring service. These surveys were conducted among people that they personally knew. This is where the word of mouth process comes in.Word of mouth is considered to be the most effective method in making the process of conclusion easier and also in accelerating the decision process of potential customers Silverman, G. (2001) Secrets of Word-of-Mouth Marketing How to Trigger Exponential Sales Through Runaway Word of Mouth, AMACOM Books, New York, NY, USA, p 21. Word of mouth advertising is done by satisfied customers, friends and normally close relatives, but satisfied customers are the most desired in the mix.each of the partners started private tutoring in the process of helping out a friend or a family member, and that would also be the starting point for this company. The partners would start by tutoring children of the parents they have conducted a survey on, an d that would ensure that the process of word of mouth gets started. They would ask these parents to refer them toothers, as well as refer any assay student to them.3.5.2. Sales PromotionSales promotion will also be adopted by the company, whereby the target customers would be given an incentive removed the scope of advertising Hundekar, S.G., Appannaiah, H.R. and Reddy, P.N. (2010) Principles of Marketing, Global Media, Mumbai, IND, p 103. In this case, the potential customers will be offered to take advantage of bulk purchases, therefore they can buy 5 sessions for the price of 4. The sales promotion would also inspire customers to create a small group of students at their homes for studying, thus reducing the cost per head in the process..3.5.3. Social media marketingIn this day and age of Facebook, Twitter, Buzzfeed, LinkedIn and various other social media networks, it has become easier to setup a platform that is virtually free and enormously interactive.The act of posting an d creating various contents online creates a circle of like minded individuals that interact with each other Agresta, S., Bough, B. B. and Miletsky, J. I. (2010) Perspectives on Social Media Marketing, cut across engineering science / Cengage Learning, Boston, MA, USA, p 2, p 36. Social media have now become an important sector on its own right is considered vital for influencing behaviour of consumers Assenov, I. (2012) Social Media Marketing and the Hospitality Industry Evidence from Thailand. 6-7 Sept. The participants in social media interaction becomes part of the cycle of social feedback, as demonstrated in the figure below. The round of drinks also illustrates how social media can influence a market Evans, D (2010) Social Media Marketing The Next Generation of Business Engagement, Sybex, Hoboken, NJ, USA.picFigure 1 Social Feedback Cycle(Source Evans. D, 2010)Amongst the existing set of Social Media Network, Facebook is considered to have the highest reach. As of 2011, Fac ebook had more than 500 million users worldwide Weintraub, M. (2011) Killer Facebook Ads Master Cutting-Edge Facebook Advertising Techniques (2nd Edition), Sybex, Hoboken, NJ, USA, p 2. The number of Facebook users is ever increasing. Facebook also has the capability to be personal and professional. It can be used to promote a venture as well as to connect with close ones and friends Adler, L. and Sillars, R. (2010) Linked Photographers Guide to Online Marketing and Social Media, Course Technology / Cengage Learning, Boston, MA, USA.The partners have decided to open up a Facebook page under the name of the company. The page would act not only as a promotional tool, but it would also act as a platform for feedback from existing students, as they will be able to post various of their queries on a session they have already undergone. The page would also include useful links, videos and study materials relating to the sessions.4. Operations and Processes4.1. Background of the owners / e mployees1. Shirin Akhter She is currently doing her MBA with a re prescribeed institute in the UK. He is from a Bangladeshi descent, and has been an experienced private tutor for some time in Bangladesh. Her areas of expertise include Business Studies, Mathematics and Chemistry.2. Meer Hossain An ex-engineer in the marine industry, Mr. Meer Hossain has in depth academic knowledge of Applied Physics and Electronics. Like his partner, He also was a house tutor in Bangladesh for a considerable period of time before he moved out to Russia, eventually coming to the UK. He works as a trainer in a retail setting, and therefore is also adept in communicating in the most culturally relevant manner. His are of expertiseinclude Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry.3. Faisal Iftikhar Alumni of one of the top business schools in Asia, Faisal Ifitkhar is currently working in the retail industry as a trainer and a customer service assistant. He is adept in creative writing, and recent interests into Physics have increased his understanding of the subject. He has the experience of teaching in a classroom environment as well as a one to one private tutor. His Area of expertness include Mathematics, Business Studies and Accounting.All of these individuals have one thing in common they are all good at assessing the needs of the individual and customise their process of teaching accordingly. The partners have also decided to hold weekly meetings that would discuss the problem areas of their own students and work out the best solutions, so that the individual is catered for in a more effective process.4.2. Personnel planThe company plan to improve their capability and try to reach the undergraduate market by the end of Year 2. It also plans to employ more tutors at the beginning of Year 2. However, the requirement of extra tutors depends on the capacity and the willingness of the existing teachers.There would be a training plan devised for any prospective teacher who is being hired. The training plan would involve the following few processes1. Training on the clientele The trainer that has been recruited will be asked to accompany the existing tutors and learn how tutoring is done. This would give them a practical sense of what is involved in the process of teaching.2. Personal assessment on the skills Although a tutor will be hired based on a respectable academic record, they would still need to be assessed by the company, and trained if necessary on areas where there is room for improvement.3. Feedback and group communication The new tutor will be included in the weekly meetings that discuss specific problems relating to specific students. The discussion would not only assist in learning various tricks of the trade, but the employee will be able to put in his or her feedback and thus add value to the company.4.3. Dealing with the start upMartin and Crisp (1992) have described that the initial few months of a business are usually the most expensive ones, and a successful business must have enough to keep it going for several months Martin, C. L. And Crisp, M. G. (Editor) (1992) Starting Your New Business A Guide for Entrepreneurs, Course Technology / Cengage Learning, Menlo Park, CA, USA, p 12. This has been considered by the partners. They have all decided that would continue to work in their present workplace, but with reduced hours, and therefore any additional cost relating to the company would be reimbursed by the partners of the company. The input in this regard would count as investment, and therefore the profit would be shared accordingly, at the end of they 1st year, in proportionate to individual investment.4.4. The process of value creationMore and more companies are now becoming socially responsible. It is not enough that a company is profitable, but it is important that a company adds value to the society. Social Entrepreneurs are therefore considered to be the new wave of entrepreneurs.In terms of creating value, the dist inction can be made between those who are social entrepreneurs and those who are commercial entrepreneurs. According to Volkmann, Tokarski and Ernst (2012), technical entrepreneurs are more focused on value appropriation, whilst the social entrepreneurs are focused on value creation Volkmann, C. K., Tokarski, K. O. and Ernst, K. (2012) Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business An basis and Discussion with Case Studies, Springer Gabler, p 106.The company in this regard can be termed as a mixture of both. The obvious value is that of a commercial nature, the business is going to be involved in a profit oriented service industry. However, due to the nature of the service provided, it can be said that the company will also add value as it becomes part of the educational system in the country.4.5. Diversity managementThe company aims at tutoring students who are based in the East London Area. East London has a lot of Bangladeshi people, which is therefore culturally and linguisticall y easier for the owners to relate to. tutelage that in mind, the company is to consider that fact that to be the top of all tutoring agencies, it would need to be able to deal with a diverse group of students coming from a diverse group of ethnicity. Therefore a certain level of Cultural Intelligence or CQ is expected from the tutors.According to Ang & Dyne (2008), CQ or cultural intelligence is the capability of a person to function in various cultural settings Ang, S. and forefront Dyne, L. (Editor) (2008) Handbook of Cultural Intelligence Theory, Measurement, and Applications, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., Armonk, NY, USA. The partners, working and living in UK for a considerable period of time, has exhibited CQ towards their co-workers, managers and employees. That learning will be incorporated as the company starts to serve in different cultural settings.The hiring process as explained would also consider in these facts, and preference would be given to someone from a different cultural background than that of the owners.4.6. Services offeredThe target market has been identified and classified in preceding sections of this proposal. In this section the services are classified and explained in terms of what kind of tutoring services can be provided among the target consumers.4.6.1. iodin to one tuitionOne to one tuition would obviously be the most common one in this regard. The teacher will travel to the students residence and teach him or her on an individual basis.4.6.2. Group sessionNot only is group session more cost effective, it is also more effective in terms of learning. A group session enables the students to interact and communicate with each other and thus creates a better understanding of the subject matter. Group sessions would therefore be especially encouraged for the students.4.6.3. GCSE revision coursesAs the GCSE exams approach the students, this service would enable the students to get help with the following Preparing for the exam Learning vario us exam techniques Guidance for courseworkThis would also include appraisal services for dissertation and for coursework.4.6.4. Online servicesBased mainly on social media feedback, this service would actually use the online platform for feedback and queries from the students and deal with the queries promptly.4.7. Future operationsThese services will be part of the start up business, and the company has plans to add more services as the company improves. By the end of year2, the company plans to serve Undergraduate students, and has plans to include distance learning, whereby the internet will be used for group session via video conferencing.5. Technological considerationThere is no denying the impact internet has on the present business scenario. It is considered as one of the greatest debauched technology to hit the world since electricity. GE chairman Jack F. Welch (1999) said that the internet was the single most important event in the U.S. economy since the industrial Revolut ion Price, R. W. (2004) Roadmap to Entrepreneurial Success Powerful Strategies for Building a High-Profit Business, AMACOM Books, Saranac Lake, NY, USA, p 45.The technological consideration in this regard is mainly the maximum usage of the internet, especially via Facebook. A Facebook Page will be created for the students and the parents. The Facebook page will include the following1. Discussion (Generated by the App Forums) It is important that students discuss various problems they face with specific subject areas.2. Videos various useful hints and tips would be uploaded from the tutors, discussing very specific methods and processes of overcoming various problems regarding subjects.3. Photos Photos will include the success of various students who have subscribed to the service of the company, as well as various other related photos, and, true to the internet generation, various Memes will also be uploaded to maintain a brightness side of studying.4. Docs this is more appropriate for a group rather than a page. The docssection will include various useful hints and tips, shortcuts, and various other methods and processes that are categorised in a coherent order for existing sets of students.However, a Page on Facebook is more public, whereas the privacy of a group can be controlled. Therefore most of the materials will become part of a Facebook group, enabling fee paying students to get the most out of social media.5.1 Future online plans5.1.1. Website umteen renowned Tutor services, as well as companies, have their own websites. Although there is a cost consideration in a website, the flexibility that can be offered on a website would outweigh the comparatively minimal cost. The website would mainly have the option to pay / register online, therefore making it easier on future customers.5.1.2. Distance learning via video conferencingThere are numerous softwares, apps and programmes that allow for video conferencing for virtually no cost. The only cost consi deration in this regard therefore is the initial setup, which would buying a business internet connection for the company, a physical facility to set the computers, and of course, computers that will be used for video conferencing. Video conferencing would thus increase the reach and decrease the cost of travel.5.2 CommunicationTo ensure cost minimisation, the partners will make use of their existing mobile phones for various forms of communication. However, there are plans to subscribe pay-as-you-go phone services to deal with future communication, if frequency of calls increase, and also if the cost becomes more than thenumber of calls the partners can afford. The company expects to include pay-as-you-go phones in the 2nd half of the year.6. Financial ConsiderationThere is little start-up cost involved in the business. Investment would come mainly from the partners themselves. However, there are future cost and investment considerations in this business that have been mentioned, however, the estimation is based on the task of increase in business.6.1. Estimated initial / fixed costsThe total cost for the start-up is 115 in total. There are also costs of travelling, which comes at 96.80 per month for each tutor (based on a order 2-4 rate in a travel card). The travelling cost might increase if the target audience lives in zone 1 (which includes Aldgate and Liverpool Street) or is outside zone 4 in East London. These costs will be accounted and paid for from the revenue of the individual tutors. The tutors in this regard might come up with a travel allowance to adjust for the salary of the employee.Adjusting the total cost of travelling to 3,500 for the year (rounded from 3484.80 annually for the company based on zone 2-4 travelling only), the total cost comes as followspicFigure 2 Estimated (fixed) Cost for Year 1 tally Cost for Year 1 Travel cost 3,500 Start up cost 115 Total Cost 3,615 6.2. Other CostsThere are other costs that might occur, which can be termed as variable costs, though not in its strictest terms of production cost per unit.As far as the plans are concerned, if the company needs to buy pay-as-you-go connections, internet connection, a facility and a video conference setup, additional costs will occur.As an example, if the company is able to rent a space in East London for the aforementioned purposes, the cost would be as followsRent / month 1,000 2,000 (depending on the facility and the area)Internet payment / month 16 (BT Business Broadband) Latest Bt Business Deals http//www.uswitch.com/broadband/providers/bt_business/?bb=1&gclid=CJ2ZrMW3m7kCFZPItAodcAIAPQcontent, accessed 19 August 20133 pay-as-you-go phones 20 x 3 = 60 per month (O2 pay and go-go-go service) O2 Pay and Go Go Go https//www.o2.co.uk/freesim/, accessed 19 August 20133 laptops (with webcams and microphones) Average market price 320*3 = 960 http//www.currys.co.uk/gbuk/computing/laptops-315-c.html, accessed 19 August 2013.6.3. Expected RevenueIn term s of the projection of the revenue expected in the future, the company has gone for a conservative approach. The demand for tutors only from private contacts is deemed enough to reach a periodical target of 5,000. Therefore it does not account for any new students that will be make use of the service in the future. However, the 2nd year projection can be termed as optimistic, as the assumption is that the business will actually grow and will be able to generate double the revenue.The revenues, as expected from the operations, are as followspicFigure Expected Revenue for Years 1 and 2 Average income / month Year 1 Year 2 Entrance students 2500 3,500 13+ 1500 3,500 GCSE 1000 3,000 References1. Smith, H. (2012) Learn Small Business Startup in 7 Days, Wiley, Milton, QLD, AUS, p 22. Murthy, C.S.V. (2010) Small Scale Industries and Entrepreneurial Development, Global Media, (Mumbai, IND), p 433. Lesonsky, R. (2001) Start Your Own Business The Only Start-Up Book Youll Ever Need, Entr epreneur Press, Irvine, CA, USA, p 244. Price, R. W. (2004) Roadmap to Entrepreneurial Success Powerful Strategies for Building a High-Profit Business, AMACOM Books, Saranac Lake, NY, USA, p 73.5. Pinson, L. and Jinnett, J. (2006) Steps to Small Business Start-Up Everything You Need to Know to Turn Your Idea Into a Successful Business, Dearborn Trade, A Kaplan Professional Company, Chicago, IL, USA, p 2-3.6. Henricks, M. (2001) Grow Your Business, Entrepreneur Press, Irvine, CA, USA, p 152.7. Burk, J. and Lehman, R. (2004) Financing Your Small Business, Sphinx Publishing, an Imprint of Sourcebooks, Inc., Naperville, IL, USA, p 21.8. Martin, V. (2006) Managing Projects in Human Resources, Training and Development, Kogan Page Ltd., London, GBR, p 11.9. Reeves, R. (1961) Reality in Advertising, Knopf, New York, NY, USA10. Silverman, G. (2001) Secrets of Word-of-Mouth Marketing How to Trigger Exponential Sales Through Runaway Word of Mouth, AMACOM Books, New York, NY, USA, p 21.11. Hund ekar, S.G., Appannaiah, H.R. and Reddy, P.N. (2010) Principles of Marketing, Global Media, Mumbai, IND, p 10312. Agresta, S., Bough, B. B. and Miletsky, J. I. (2010) Perspectives on Social Media Marketing, Course Technology / Cengage Learning, Boston, MA, USA, p 2, p 36.13. Assenov, I. (2012) Social Media Marketing and the Hospitality Industry Evidence from Thailand. 6-7 Sept14. Evans, D (2010) Social Media Marketing The Next Generation of Business Engagement, Sybex, Hoboken, NJ, USA15. Weintraub, M. (2011) Killer Facebook Ads Master Cutting-Edge Facebook Advertising Techniques (2nd Edition), Sybex, Hoboken, NJ, USA, p 2.16. Adler, L. and Sillars, R. (2010) Linked Photographers Guide to Online Marketing and Social Media, Course Technology / Cengage Learning, Boston, MA, USA17. Martin, C. L. And Crisp, M. G. (Editor) (1992) Starting Your New Business A Guide for Entrepreneurs, Course Technology / Cengage Learning, Menlo Park, CA, USA, p 12.18. Volkmann, C. K., Tokarski, K. O. and Ern st, K. (2012) SocialEntrepreneurship and Social Business An Introduction and Discussion with Case Studies, Springer Gabler, p 10619. Ang, S. and Van Dyne, L. (Editor) (2008) Handbook of Cultural Intelligence Theory, Measurement, and Applications, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., Armonk, NY, USA20. Price, R. W. (2004) Roadmap to Entrepreneurial Success Powerful Strategies for Building a High-Profit Business, AMACOM Books, Saranac Lake, NY, USA, p 45.21. Limited Partnership GPO2, http//www.companieshouse.gov.uk/about/gbhtml/gpo2.shtml, accessed 10 August 201322. Set up a business partnership, https//www.gov.uk/set-up-business-partnership, accessed 10 August 201323. Fagg, H. (January 19th, 2013) New Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) What it means for private tutors, http//www.thetutorblog.com/tag/crb/, accessed 10 August 201324. Guide Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks (previously CRB checks), https//www.gov.uk/disclosure-barring-service-check, accessed 10 August 201325. Burns, J. (2 Au gust 2013) Private tutors boost grammar chances, suggests survey, http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-23547666, accessed 7th of August, 201326. Dyer, A. (24 July 2013) Private Tuition Is on the Rise, Should the Industry Be Regulated? HUFFPOST STUDENTS United Kingdom, http//www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/alex-dyer/private-tuition-regulation_b_3643876.html, accessed 8th August 201327. Aug 17th 2013 Private tuition Premium economy, The Economist (British Edition), http//www.economist.com/news/britain/21583707-private-education-becoming-more-egalitarian-premium-economy, accessed 20th of August, 201328. http//www.gumtree.com/other-tuition-lesson-services/london/private+tutor, accessed 09 August, 201329. http//www.hometutorsdirectory.co.uk/EastLondonTutors.html, accessed 09 August, 2013.30. Disclosure Scotland Apply online for Basic Disclosure Cost, http//www.disclosurescotland.co.uk/apply-online/cost, accessed 10 August 201331. http//www.companieshouse.gov.uk/infoAndGuide/faq/registerNewComp.sh tml, Accessed 19 August, 201332. LP5 form, LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS ACT 1907 Application for Registration of a Limited Partnership (In accordance with section 8 of the Limited Partnerships Act 1907), http//www.companieshouse.gov.uk/forms/generalForms/LP5_Application_for_Registration_of_a_Limited_Partnership_and_Statement_of_particulars_and_of_the.pdf, accessed 19 August 201333. Latest Bt Business Deals http//www.uswitch.com/broadband/providers/bt_business/?bb=1&gclid=CJ2ZrMW3m7kCFZPItAodcAIAPQcontent, accessed 19 August 201334. O2 Pay and Go Go Go https//www.o2.co.uk/freesim/, accessed 19 August 201335. http//www.currys.co.uk/gbuk/computing/laptops-315-c.html, accessed 19 August 2013Appendix dining table 1 Expected Revenue, Year 1Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov celestial latitude Entrance Exam 1,000 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 5,000 6,000 6,500 4,500 0 0 0 13+ 1,500 1,500 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,500 1,500 0 1,000 1,500 1,500 1,000 GCSE 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,500 2,500 2,500 1,500 0 0 0 500 500 Total Revenue 3,500 3,500 4,500 5,500 7,000 10,000 9,000 6,500 5,500 1,500 2,000 1,500 Table 2 Teachers Payment, Year 1Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Shirin 800 800 1200 1200 2000 2400 2400 1600 1440 400 480 400 Meer 1200 1200 1200 1600 2000 2800 2400 1600 1520 400 560 400 Faisal 800 800 1200 1600 1600 2800 2400 2000 1440 400 560 400 Total payroll 2,800 2,800 3,600 4,400 5,600 8,000 7,200 5,200 4,400 1,200 1,600 1,200 Table 3 Profit and Loss (Before Taxes), Year 1Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Revenue 3,500 3,500 4,500 5,500 7,000 10,000 9,000 6,500 5,500 1,500 2,000 1,500 60,000 Fixed Cost 3615 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,615 Variable Costs 35 35 45 55 70 100 90 65 55 15 20 15 600 Teachers payment 2,800 2,800 3,600 4,400 5,600 8,000 7,200 5,200 4,400 1,200 1,600 1,200 48,000 Total Cost 6,450 2835 3,645 4455 5,670 8100 7,290 5265 4,455 1215 1,620 1215 52,215 Total Profit -2,950 665 855 1045 1,330 1900 1,710 1235 1,045 285 380 285 7,785 Note Variable costs are determined as 1% of the expected revenue assumption includes additional cost of travelling (Zone 1).

A healthy and safe home based environment Essay

It is my responsibility as a professional childminder to do everything possible to keep alone children safety device at either times and prevent accidents, to do soI will ensure I keep appropriate supervision of children at all times.I have in place a thorough risk assessment which I enforce and revise regularly.I role only equipment with children that is develop appropriate and in safe working order and complies with national safety standards.I keep my home clean and organised and dispose of waste appropriately.I do not keep pets.Medicines and other hazardous materials be locked away knocked out(p) of reach of children.In the event of an accident, illness or emergency I will follow my policy and procedures to ensure it is dealt with in an effective way.There are different levels of supervision depending on the age, ability of the child, the task/activity they are pickings part in and the environment they are doing it in, for example a bambino exploring the garden and learni ng to walk will need much more hands on supervision than an eight year old sitting quietly with a colouring book. The three Levels areConstant supervision content watching a child at all times, probably close by, maybe helping a baby to stand or a toddler to climb up a slide.Close supervision is when you are watching the child without being involved in what they are doing, however you are get up to step in and help when necessary, maybe if a toddler is eating a snack or playing at the playground. General supervision is endlessly being aware what the child is doing and checking on them at regular intervals, maybe when an older child is doing their homework or watching TV after school.When out and about with children it is really important to follow road safety rules. Babies and toddlers are safely strapped into a buggy but older children must walk somewhat beside me while we walk along a busy road or cross over, holding hands depending on their age and understanding. When in qui eter safer surrounding I expect the children to always listen to my instructions and Never go out of sight. I will always have written permission from parentsbefore taking them out and I will always let parents know where we plan to go.I only have toys and childrens equipment with a recognised safety token on them, such as the Kite Mark, the CE Mark or the Lion Mark. I check all equipment for hazards regularly to make sure they are not damaged or broken. All toys and equipment are used only with children of an appropriate age. Children are supervised at all times and are shown how to use toys safely.Current way on health and safety and risk assessment of the home based work setting is available from RoSPA (Royal Society for the prevention of Accidents) website at www.rospa.com where you can find a whole section on home safety including specific advice on preventing accidents among children. The Health and Safety Executive website www.hse.gov.uk contains general guidance about heal th and safety and risk assessment but is less specific to childcare. There is lots of support available for childminders. There are childminding networks all over the country are rich sources of information and support. If you are a member of PACEY, they will be a source of guidance and support. You could read with the Welfare requirements of EYFS or find information in your local library.

A study of the famous Bob Dylan song “Mr.Tamborine Man” Essay

Why Mr. Tambourine musical composition is A Modern ClassicThe most obvious and commonplace interpretation of Bob DylansMr. Tambourine Man is that the song is intimately medicates. This makes sense, as it was against the law to write songs about drugs in the 1960s when Mr. Tambourine Man was composed. The metaphors are simple Mr. Tambourine Man is the drug-dealer. Take me on a trip upon your magic swirling ship is asking the drug-dealer for the drugs, and then the lyrics go on to describe the physical effects on the physical structure after consuming hallucinogensMy senses have been strippedMy hands cant feel to gripMy toes too numb to step. . .An different obvious reference to drug-taking comes from the fourth part verse, Take me disappearance through the smoke rings of my mind The smoke rings relating literally to drugs being smoked, and the last line of the last verse, also if interpreted literally, relates to escaping from the realities of life by using drugs Let me forget about forthwith until tomorrow. However, this interpretation does not explain some of the vivid imagery apply throughout the song where it is not easy to draw parallels between drugs and the image, for example, The haunted frightened trees. This phrase could be written about the emotional state of the drug user, and by embuing those emotions onto something else the surrealistic atmosphere already invoked in the earlier passages is heightened. In the second and third verses there are several lines expressing suprise at feeling indistinct My weariness amazes me and how the body is also tired my toes too numb to step.Bob Dylan said himself Drugs never played a part in that song disappearing through the smoke rings of my mind., thats not drugs, drugs were never a big thing with me. This leads me to believe that the song is indeed about something other than drugs. Some analysts have written about the song as an expression of immunity. One clear example of a phrasethat expresses a se nse of freedom is, To dance beneath the diamond sky with one hand waving free/ Silhouetted by the seaThis image strongly evokes the idea of someone sprightliness freely, both literally, dancing a beach, and the connotations that the sea and the sky provide here, of openess and liberty.There are several references to escaping, for example, Im ready to go anywhere, merely for the sky there are no fences facing which means that the sky is the limit, just escaping on the run and again Let me forget about today until tomorrow. These lines fit with the freedom theme escaping to achieve freedom. But forgetting about today until tomorrow seems only a temporary escape, bringing the back the idea about drugs.It has also been suggested that Mr. Tambourine Man is a poem about transcendence, or reaching enlightenment. Some people see Bob Dylan himself as Mr. Tambourine Man, and he does Cast his dancing spell through the magical and fantastic imagery of swirling ships and trips into ones own m ind.I believe that the song could be about all of these ideas, and the vastness of one in particular relating only to the mood of the listener. This is an important reason for stating that Mr. Tambourine Man is a classic The lyrics provide the possibility to beneathstand the song in different contexts by different listeners. The ideas differ between people, some finding freedom in Dylans song, some feeling like they are under a spell when listening to the light repetitive tune and figurative language.The cleverness of the language is that people can read almost anything into it, the most underlying example being Mr. Tambourine Man, who can be seen as anything from a drug-dealer to a religious man to Bob Dylan himself. Another reason that the song has such a hallucinogenic feeling is the structure of the song. The verses are made up of what appears to be many individual concepts put together, like a dream, giving a surreal effect. The reference to Ozymandius and crumbling empires furthers the dream-like quality of the words.

Oral history archive department in modern libraries, Essay

The main aim of the query is to discuss the purposes and the value of an verbal examination narrative catalogue part in modern libraries, particularly British libraries and Ameri stool ones which argon pioneers in this domain. It has been realized or discovered that the verbal account statement instrument great deal be commitd to develop the concept or idea of windowing time in physical and digital libraries. Of late digital and oral history account libraries carry a variety of efficacious information and documents that include the past and give way ones. This paper at that placefore tries to view the example and the value of this kind of sound archive in which it is separate into main categories and subsections.The first section is the introductory part that tries to give a brief explanation close the oral history archive. There is a problem in question or objective, which touches on what is to be investigated that is the use of this archive. The hypotheses are as well as constructed to provide answers to the objectives of the research. The other celestial orbits include research context/literature follow-up methodology work plan recourses ethics and conclusion.1. Working TitleThe use and the value of an oral history archive department in Modern Libraries and Information Centres.2. Introduction.Many scholars realized that spontaneous history archive libraries can be utilize to obtain information as fast as possible. jibe to Portelli (1998), the archive holds several hours of gramophone, films, audio, video and Compact Disks. The oral history archive has been of great help in unlike departments because instant information has been obtained through what is called oral debriefing. This is a situation whereby a comprehensive and condensed verbal testimony is obtained from individuals (Medical Tribune 2007).Other areas where the oral history archive has been applied include areas much(prenominal) as psychology, witness examen in crim inal investigations, which occur in both(prenominal) oral and visual formats (Sangster 1998).The archive tentatively is currently being used to help in companionship management specially when it comes to labor market. This is an area in commerce and industry where the changing labor market requires employees to shift from one position to another or from one job to another.As this happens there is loss of organizational memory, the so called the body of data and knowledge which is relevant to an individual organizations existence (Perk and Thomson 1998 and Gregory 1991). These therefore are of the uses of oral history archive that make it become recognized as a powerful device or tool especially in Britain to capture the already existing institutional knowledge and information.Learning has been enhanced by the use of Oral history archive. The unseasoned curriculum requires students to present sound and good communication skills that prepare them to answers questions either dur ing interviews as they look for jobs later on schooling or in forkroom (Rolph 1998). Criminal investigation department as well employ the use of an Oral history archive when they are interrogating criminals.3. Aims and objectivesIn this section, the paper discusses the problem in question or the objectives of carrying out the research. Oral history archive has been viewed as a bizarre and powerful tool by the great unwashed. In hostelry to clear this perception and make things more clear, this research paper tries to answer the question. The problem to be researched on is therefore the value and the use of an oral history archive in modern libraries and information centres and why people view it as a useful tool in modern libraries.The paper shall also look at the role, if any, of the information specialist of the rising in an oral history department and the skills the information specialist must deport to operate in such a department. Besides, the paper shall also look at an d address the question of how interviewing targets are chosen by the oral history department, how expensive it is to put up an oral history department from nick at the various libraries, why people view it as a useful tool in the modern libraries and the skills that are required by an information specialist in order for him/her to be fit to operate in the department.Today, many educationists are being encouraged to introduce oral history as a powerful tool for serious scholarships in all universities in order to encourage learning. However, there are a number of universities that have introduced and developed extensive collections of oral history while others have not realized the usefulness of the library. For example Harvard, Princeton and University of California have taken the lead in the culture and introduction of oral history archive (Gowers 2006). In addition, the university libraries mentioned above in this domain have operated swimmingly from 1955, the British Library has been the pioneer for a lot of researchers of this topic. The reason is simple.The Sound Archive Department of British Library at the present time holds over a million discs, One hundred and cardinal five thousand audio tapes, and a lot of video and sound records. These collections which include written literature, dramatized stuff, and practice of medicine recordings plus sounds of wildlife are collected from across the world. They entail cylindrical equipment created in the nineteenth century to the just about recent Compact Disks, Digital Versatile Disk and mini discs.4. Scope and DefinitionIn order to discover the use and the value of an oral history archive department and to create a commonsense project in range and time, the scope of the project will focus mainly on the opinions of curators, librarians and others who are working in this sector. It is important though to be aware that this will emphasize basically on personal viewpoints and changing theories and therefor e might not provide a perfect answer. It will also be necessary for the research to stay neutral and determined on the questioners and not go beyond the objectives set as those working in these departments will be more involved with the issues concerning their departments than be pull to the personal issues.5. Literature ReviewThe literature review section tries to look at what other scholars have discussed about the same topic to be researched on. This is very important since it avoids or solves cases of duplication of other peoples work. Since other people or scholars at one time had realized the importance of Oral history archive in the modern libraries, it is therefore in order to access their ideas on the topic.The oral history archive has been viewed as a useful tool in a number of areas such as psychotherapy, witness interrogation in crime investigation and learning institutions that are provided in both oral and visual formats (Rolph 1998, Gregory 1991, Parker 1999 and Sara h 2004).According to Ritchie (2003), oral history has useful information or materials that are frequently ignored by librarians. This is also somemultiplication overlooked in relation to cost value calculation (Swain 2003). The archive has played a key role in helping in audio collection, situation and value clarification as well as necessitating multi-media approach to learning (Christel 2006 and Thomson 2000).The most obvious area where oral history archive has been used according to Perks and Thompson (1998) is in learning institutions. This is a case where a tape recorder is used in classrooms to help students understand the concept being taught in class room. However, it has been noticed that a tape recorder has not been effectively and efficiently used as compared to the use of movie, slide or overhead projectors (Lukenbill 2002). One advantage when one uses a tape recorder is that it can be stopped anytime especially when the instructor wants to emphasize important points or to allow urgent questions arising (Thompson 2000). Tapes can also be replayed to enhance re-examining or revisiting and requesting of any order that is desirable. Proper understanding of the lesson is therefore emphasized.Since the new curriculum requires students to have skills in understanding comprehension, analysis and evaluation. Oral history has been of great use to gybe and examine all these concepts. It is also noted that oral communication skills are very important when it comes to times of interviews where questions are phrased (Swain 2003). The interviewer and the interviewee have to be clear and precise especially in calling for specific information. The questions asked especially during the interviews need also to be answered in the most accurate manner as possible (Ritchie 2003). According to Perks and Thompson (1998), accuracy actually plays a major role in interviews and this can be facilitated by the use of oral history archive. The concept is also emphasized by Seale (2004).As a way of facilitating learning, oral history archive through the use of tapes has facilitated immediate feedback during teaching in schools. This has been done in radio link with other secondary sources like books more so in secondary schools. Students necessitate are communicate as soon as possible. This rules out cases of negative delays which is commonly experienced in the traditional pedantic research where numerous collections are required (Thompson 2000). A good teacher who knows how to use tapes only needs to locate appropriate tapes in which he is expected to prepare summarized notes according to students understanding. This should be done after testing the entry behavior of the students before opting to use the tapes for instruction (Parker 1999).Oral history archive has also been helpful in clinical libraries (Schacher 2001). Clinicians when giving psychotherapy to patients who are mentally disturbed have used the information contained in the Oral hist ory archive. Such patients may be suffering from Schizophrenia or psychosis (Schacher 2001 and Thompson 2000). As patients talk about their illness the clinician is able to come up with appropriate measures to provide assistance.