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Phil .Literature Essay Example for Free

Phil .Literature Essay Philippine scholarly creation during the American Period in the Philippines was prodded by two critical improvements in instruction and culture. One is the presentation of free open guidance for all offspring of young and two, the utilization of English as vehicle of guidance in all degrees of instruction in government funded schools. Free government funded instruction made information and data available to a more noteworthy number of Filipinos. The individuals who benefited of this training through school had the option to improve their economic wellbeing and joined a decent number of taught masses who turned out to be a piece of the country’s white collar class. The utilization of English as mechanism of guidance acquainted Filipinos with Anglo-American methods of thought, culture and life ways that would be inserted in the writing delivered as well as in the mind of the country’s instructed class. It was this informed class that would be the wellspring of a lively Philippine Literature in English. Philippine writing in English, as an immediate aftereffect of American colonization of the nation, couldn't circumvent being imitative of American models of composing particularly during its time of apprenticeship. The verse composed by early artists showed contemplated endeavors at versification as in the accompanying sonnet which is verification of the poet’s rather rudimentary exercise in the English language: Vacation days finally are here, And we have a fabulous time so dear, All young men and young ladies do readily cheer, This invited period of the year. Toward the beginning of June in school we’ll meet; A harder assignment will we complete And on the off chance that we bomb we should rehash That similar undertaking without retreat. We just rest to come back again To class where young men and young ladies acquire The Creator’s blessing to men Whose cheery expectations in us remain. Excursion implies a period for play For youthful and old in night and day My desire for everything is to be gay, And underhandedness none lead you adrift Juan F. Salazar Philippines Free Press, May 9, 1909| The sonnet was anthologized in the main assortment of verse in English, Filipino Poetry, altered by Rodolfo Dato (1909 †1924). Among the writers included in this collection were Proceso Sebastian Maximo Kalaw, Fernando Maramag, Leopoldo Uichanco, Jose Ledesma, Vicente Callao, Santiago Sevilla, Bernardo Garcia, Francisco Africa, Pablo Anzures, Carlos P. Romulo, Francisco Tonogbanua, Juan Pastrana, Maria Agoncillo, Paz Marquez Benitez, Luis Dato and numerous others. Another treasury, The English German Anthology of Poetsedited by Pablo Laslo was distributed and secured writers distributed from 1924-1934 among whom were Teofilo D. Agcaoili, Aurelio Alvero, Horacio de la Costa, Amador T. Daguio, Salvador P. Lopez, Angela Manalang Gloria, Trinidad Tarrosa, Abelardo Subido and Jose Garcia Villa, among others. A third pre-war assortment of verse was altered via Carlos Bulosan, Chorus for America: Six Philippine Poets. The six writers in this assortment were Jose Garcia Villa, Rafael Zulueta da Costa, Rodrigo T. Feria, C. B. Meticulousness, Cecilio Baroga and Carlos Bulosan. In fiction, the time of apprenticeship in scholarly writing in English is set apart by impersonation of the style of narrating and exacting adherence to the specialty of the short story as rehearsed by well known American fictionists. Early short story journalists in English were frequently named as the Andersons or Saroyans or the Hemingways of Philippine letters. Leopoldo Yabes in his investigation of the Philippine short story in English from 1925 to 1955 focuses to these models of American fiction applying significant effect on the early works of story journalists like Francisco Arcellana, A. E. Litiatco, Paz Latorena. . At the point when the University of the Philippines was established in 1908, a first class gathering of essayists in English started to apply impact among the culturati. The U. P. Journalists Club established in 1926, had expressed that one of its points was to upgrade and engender the language of Shakespeare. In 1925, Paz Marquez Benitez short story, Dead Stars was distributed and was made the milestone of the development of the Filipino author in English. Not long after Benitez, short story journalists started distributing stories not, at this point imitative of American models. Along these lines, story authors like Icasiano Calalang, A. E. Litiatco, Arturo Rotor, Lydia Villanueva, Paz Latorena , Manuel Arguilla started distributing stories showing both talented utilization of the language and a sharp Filipino reasonableness. This blend of writing in an acquired tongue while harping on Filipino traditions and customs reserved the abstract yield of significant Filipino fictionists in English during the American time frame. In this way, the significant books of the period, for example, the Filipino Rebel, by Maximo Kalaw, and His Native Soil by Juan C. Laya, are talks on social character, nationhood and being Filipino done in the English language. Stories, for example, How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife by Manuel Arguilla checked the landscape just as the folkways of Ilocandia while N. V. M. Gonzales’s books and stories, for example, Children of the Ash Covered Loam, present the display of Mindoro, in the entirety of its traditions and customs while arranging its characters in the human quandary of sentimentality and destitution. Aside from Arguilla and Gonzales, noted fictionists during the period included Francisco Arcellana, whom Jose Garcia Villa praised as a virtuoso narrator, Consorcio Borje, Aida Rivera, Conrado Pedroche, Amador Daguio, Sinai Hamada, Hernando Ocampo, Fernando Maria Guerrero. Jose Garcia Villa himself composed a few short stories yet committed a large portion of his opportunity to verse. In 1936, when the Philippine Writers League was sorted out, Filipino journalists in English started talking about the estimation of writing in the public arena. Started and driven by Salvador P. Lopez, whose articles on Literature and Societyprovoked discusses, the conversation focused on lowly writing, I. e. , connected with or submitted writing versus the craftsmanship for art’s purpose artistic direction. In any case, this conversation inquisitively left out the issue of expansionism and pilgrim writing and the entire spot of artistic writing in English under a provincial set-up that was the Philippines at that point. With Salvador P. Lopez, the article in English picked up the high ground in everyday talk on legislative issues and administration. Polemicists who used to write in Spanish like Claro M. Recto, gradually began utilizing English in the conversation of recent developments even as paper dailies moved away from Spanish detailing into English. Among the writers, Federico Mangahas had a simple office with the language and the paper as type. Other noted writers during the period were Fernando Maramag, Carlos P. Romulo , Conrado Ramirez. Then again, the blooming of a dynamic abstract custom because of recorded occasions didn't by and large hamper artistic creation in the local or indigenous dialects. Actually, the early time of the twentieth century was noteworthy for the critical artistic yield of every single significant language in the different abstract class. It was during the early American time frame that rebellious plays, utilizing the type of the zarsuwela, were mounted. Zarsuwelistas Juan Abad, Aurelio Tolentino ,Juan Matapang Cruz. Juan Crisostomo Sotto mounted the works of art like Tanikalang Ginto, Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas and Hindi Ako Patay, all coordinated against the American colonialists. Patricio Mariano’s Anak ng Dagat and Severino Reyes’s Walang Sugat are similarly momentous zarsuwelas arranged during the period. Just before World War II, Wilfredo Maria Guerrero would pick up predominance in theater through his one-demonstration plays which he visited through his versatile theater. Accordingly, Wanted a Chaperone and The Forsaken Housebecame extremely mainstream in grounds all through the archipelago. The tale in Tagalog, Iloko, Hiligaynon and Sugbuanon additionally created during the period supported to a great extent by the consistent distribution of week after week magazines like the Liwayway, Bannawag and Bisaya which serialized the books. Among the early Tagalog authors of the twentieth century were Ishmael Amado, Valeriano Hernandez Pena, Faustino Aguilar, Lope K. Santos and Lazaro Francisco. Ishmael Amado’s Bulalakaw ng Pag-asa distributed in 1909 was perhaps the soonest novel that managed the topic of American colonialism in the Philippines. The tale, in any case, was not discharged from the print machine until 1916, at which time, the creator, by his own affirmation and subsequent to having been sent as a pensionado to the U. S. , had different thoughts separated from those he wrote in the novel. Valeriano Hernandez Pena’s Nena at Neneng portrays the narrative of two ladies who happened to be best of companions as they adapt to their associations with the men in their lives. Nena prevails in her wedded life while Neneng experiences a turbulent marriage as a result of her envious spouse. Faustino Aguilar distributed Pinaglahuan, an adoration triangle set in the early long stretches of the century when the laborers development was being shaped. The novel’s legend, Luis Gatbuhay, is a specialist in a printery who isimprisoned for an unfounded allegation and loses his affection, Danding, to his opponent Rojalde, child of a well off industrialist. Lope K. Santos, Banaag at Sikat has nearly a similar topic and theme as the saint of the novel, Delfin, likewise becomes hopelessly enamored with a rich lady, girl of an affluent landowner. The romantic tale obviously is set likewise inside the foundation of advancement of the worker’s worker's organization development and all through the novel, Santos connects with the perusers in protracted treatises and talks on communism and free enterprise. Numerous other Tagalog writers composed on varieties of a similar subject, I. e. , the interchange of destiny, love and social equity. Among these essayists are Inigo Ed Regalado, Roman Reyes, Fausto J. Galauran, Susana de Guzman, Rosario de Guzman-Lingat, Lazaro Francisco, Hilaria Labog, Rosalia Aguinaldo, Amado V. Hernandez. A large number of these authors had the option to deliver at least three books as Soledad Reyes would substantiate in her book which is the consequence of her thesis,

The Relationship Between Agoraphobia and Social Anxiety

The Relationship Between Agoraphobia and Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Related Conditions Print The Relationship Between Agoraphobia and Social Anxiety By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 29, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 19, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Don Bayley/E/Getty Images You may have heard that agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder are closely connected and thats true. What have we learned about the similarities and differences between these disorders as well as how often they occur together? The Relationship Agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder are interrelated in many ways. In order to understand this, its helpful to talk about the definition of these disorders, how the two may differ, and how to tell them apart. That said, many people have both agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder, a phenomenon referred to in medicine as comorbidity. Lets take a look at what weve learned about the interaction of these two conditions. Association With Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder Agoraphobia is typically thought of as the fear of leaving your home. While it is true that many people with agoraphobia are housebound, agoraphobia actually refers to the fear of being in situations or places from which escape would be difficult or embarrassing in the event of a panic attack. In a sense, it can be thought of as having a fear of having a panic attack. Agoraphobia usually leads to the avoidance of specific places such as crowds, automobiles, buses, trains, elevators, and bridges. In addition, people with agoraphobia may fear leaving the house alone. Most people with agoraphobia are better able to cope if in the company of a trusted companion. Although agoraphobia can be diagnosed without panic disorder, over 95 percent of people diagnosed with agoraphobia also have a diagnosis of panic disorder. Agoraphobia most often occurs in conjunction with panic disorder. When agoraphobia is diagnosed without panic disorder, severe anxiety is experienced but not to the degree that it constitutes a panic attack. Panic Attack Types and Symptoms How They Differ Although both agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder (SAD) can involve the fear of public places, people with SAD feel anxiety only in situations where scrutiny by others may occur. For example, being on an elevator alone or in a car alone would not be uncomfortable. While people with agoraphobia usually feel better in the company of a trusted companion, people with social anxiety disorder  may feel worse because of potential scrutiny by the companion as well. Social Anxiety Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment Agoraphobia Fear of leaving house Fear of having a panic attack in public places Feel better with trusted companion SAD Fear of public places Fear of situations where scrutiny by others may occur Feel worse with trusted companion due to fear of scrutiny Comorbidity When it is difficult to distinguish between the anxiety of agoraphobia and SAD, it may be that both diagnoses apply. Results of an older National Comorbidity Survey conducted in the United States showed a correlation of .68 between diagnoses of agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder, meaning that the two disorders occurred together around 68 percent of the time. More recent studies have found that major depression is often a comorbidity as well. Some studies suggest that having both disorders together is more common in women than in men and that when both disorders are present, the course tends to be more severe. Studies comparing the particular neurophysiological pathways in the brain with different anxiety disorders have found a close correlation between pathways in agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder, though these differ somewhat from those involved in other anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Coping There are effective treatments that can help with symptoms of agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder and there is considerable overlap. Ways of managing agoraphobia and treatments for social anxiety disorder can often help with the other condition as well, although treatments such as systemic desensitization and others are used primarily with agoraphobia. This underlines the importance of an accurate diagnosis and the care of a psychotherapist with who you feel comfortable. What to Know About Psychotherapy A Word From VeryWell Agoraphobia and social anxiety are closely related conditions but have some important differences in the causes of the symptoms. With agoraphobia, it is the fear of enclosed places, transportation, and leaving home that leads to isolation, but the primary fear is that of having a panic attack when exposed to those circumstances. In contrast, with social anxiety disorder, it is the exposure to people that leads to emotional and sometimes physical distress. Whereas a person with agoraphobia often welcomes a companion, this is not the case with social anxiety disorder. That said, agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder frequently occur together, and this is thought to occur more than half the time. When this happens, the symptoms appear to be more severe than if one of these conditions were present. Fortunately, treatments are available for both disorders, which can help to get to the base of the problem and restore a persons life.

Joseph The Dreamer A Byronic Hero - 993 Words

Joseph The Dreamer Chandler lays out the characteristics of a Byronic Hero in his essay â€Å"The Simple Art of Murder†, defining a Byronic Hero as the type of person who is either: intelligent, cunning, ruthless, arrogant, depressive, violent, self-aware, emotionally or intellectually tortured, traumatized, highly emotional, manipulative, self-serving, spiritually doubtful, reckless or suicidal, prone to bursts of anger, prone to substance abuse, dedicated to pursuing matters of justice over matters of legality, given to self-destructive impulses, or sexually appealing. The clearest definition of a person like this, in biblical times, is none other than Joseph â€Å"The Dreamer†. Joseph fills the definition of a Byronic Hero, and it all starts at his birth. Joseph was the only son of his father Jacob and mother Rachel, a miracle because of their age. Joseph was immediately favored by his father Jacob, and his brothers were very jealous. One day, while his brothers were out in the field caring for the sheep, Joseph approached them and told of his dream. â€Å"We were in the field tying bundles of wheat together. My bundle stood up, and your bundles of wheat gathered around it and bowed down to it† (Genesis 37:7). Hearing this, his brothers began to hate him even more. Joseph soon had another dream, which he presented to his brothers, saying â€Å"Listen, I had another dream. I saw the sun, moon, and eleven stars bowing down to me† (Genesis 37:9). Joseph’s brother immediately became

Engineering An Essential Pillar For Industrial And...

Engineering has always been an essential pillar for industrial and technical development. Engineering is what keeps our people moving and up-to-date with technology. It is a satisfying career, both financially and mentally. The objective of this assignment is to interview a practicing Engineer who has worked or is working in the area of project management. This assignment provides a glance for future engineers into the daily routine of a professional and experienced Engineer, and the approach he/she pursued in order to arrive at the position they presently occupy. I recently interviewed Saeed Salim, a project manager at Al Barrak Electrical Contracting Company, located in United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi. Saeed is my dad’s friend. On†¦show more content†¦He was supervising the installation of overhead lines and high voltage substations. Everything was new for him, and he had to adapt to the various changes he encountered in U.A.E. After ten years of working in the Water and Electricity department, Saeed received another job offer in a private company named AL Barrak Electrical Contracting Company, where he was offered a project manager position, which is his current position as well. He was more comfortable working with the second company, as this opportunity allowed him to combine the technical aspects of a position with management duties. Working in Al Barrak, he is capable of designing, maintaining and developing electrical control systems and components to certain specifications, concentrating on economy, quality, and sustainability. He is involved in projects from the idea and detail of the specified design through to implementation, testing and handover. He is also involved in projects that require people in his field to work as a team. The team would usually include engineers from other specialist areas, as well as marketing staff, technicians and manufacturers. He sometimes works with representatives f rom client organizations. Working in a different company, Saeed had to take a bigger responsibility and work harder to prove himself and show that he is capable of facingShow MoreRelated2. Literature Review. 2.1 Introduction. The Literature1461 Words   |  6 PagesChinese automobile industry’s development and the Volkswagen Group (VW) in particular. The role of Government and the Open Door Policy, foreign direct investment (FDI) from VW, Resource-based Theory are the main issues that will be discussed in the following chapter. I have chosen these elements because they are essentials factors to the Chinese automobile industry. 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Natural Law jurisprudence automatically lends Free Essays

Natural law has become quite diverse foci for theories concerning human conduct, not only placing diverse requirements on the theorist, but requirements which appear to be at cross purposes. Natural law can be kept for an important, but narrow problem: the enunciation of some basic human goods or needs that any system of positive law should respect, promote, or in any case protect (William Blackstone, 1979). Theorizing concerning natural law and virtue, therefore, can be sharply famed for reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Law jurisprudence automatically lends or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the whole, for the reason of the demise of the older teleological view of nature that allowed theorists like Aquinas to correlate the analogous meanings of law and nature around the matter of natural inclinations. These inclinations, on Aquinas’ view, are the soil for both virtues and the first principle of the natural law. The reason of law as well as the nurturing of the habits takes their bearing from a pre-given teleological order. Aquinas comes as near as he ever comes to a description of law in the claim that ‘Law is nothing else than an ordinance of reason for the common good, made by him who has the care of the community, and promulgated’ (Thomas Aquinas, 1988). This general definition is followed by a peculiarity between the three kinds of law–eternal, natural, and human. Now, it might seem that on its own Aquinas’s categorization as applied to the specific case of human law would produce an essentially positivistic view of human law. We can obviously understand God as having care of the ideal community, and as propagating ordinances of reason for the common good of that community. We can make sense of the thought (even if we reject it) that ‘Nature’ likewise works for the ‘common good’ of only ‘natural’ things, a standard teleological theory of biology might assert something like that. But, it can be said, the obvious way to understand the description in the case of human law is in terms of a ruler, or whoever is designated as lawmaker by the rule of respect, promulgating laws in terms of the lawmaker’s discernment of the good of the community. As Aquinas said, â€Å"Human laws should be proportionate to the common good† (Thomas Aquinas, 1988, Q. 96 A. 1). ‘Nature’ designates not simply the quiddities of things, the formal cause that which makes a thing what it is but more significantly the finality governing completions. Right reason, on the conventional teleological view of natural law, cannot mean simply judgment agreed with natural values, but judgment in accord with what completes these values. As the older teleological theories allowed natural law analysis to play both roles–to expound the goods embedded in human actions as well as their completions-the modern denunciation of teleological thinking guarantees that a natural law principle of recta ratio should restrict itself to discourse concerning natural goods or values (Joel Feinberg, 1986). Natural law theory in its traditional form was entwined with the realist metaphysics of customary natural philosophy. It sought to give a kind of correspondence to the real that would explicate what makes moral sentences true. The idea seemed reasonable so long as natural philosophy conceived of the universe in a moralized, teleological fashion. But while the teleological cosmos gave way to the distant and infinite universe of modern science, scientific and ethical realism leaned to break apart, and ethical theorists disposed toward realism had to work hard at finding something properly real and natural for moral sentences to correspond to. In this context, scientific realists frequently looked upon their ethical counterparts with distrust, and diverse forms of anti-realism were anticipated for ethics. The new plausibility of anti-realism in ethical theory resultant from the sense that the world, as presently understood, was capable to do something for scientific sentences that it was incapable to do for moral sentences that is, make them true. Several theorists decided that something less cosmological, something having to do with human nature or realistic reason or collective inter subjectivity, would have to be substituted for the customary correspondence relation if the idea of moral truth was to be retained. Some of the resultant programmes, called themselves natural law theories, but they were hardly of the traditional kind. Ethical anti-realists including both scientific realists and empiricists–began arguing with one another over whether the idea of moral truth must be redefined or dropped altogether. There arose new forms of ethical pragmatism (such as intuitionism, utilitarianism, and value theory) to start the third side of the triangular debate. Meanwhile, traditional natural law theory became ever more nostalgic in tone and idealistic in performance. It was treated more and more frivolously by the anti-realist opposition as an exemplification of some moderately obvious fallacy and by its realist successors as an appealing relic from a pre-scientific age. It is high time for moral philosophy to reorganize its relation to the philosophy of science. If Fine (an imminent philosopher)and others like him have appropriately diagnosed the debates over fact endemic to the latter, and the recognizable philosophical pictures of science deserve rejection, then those pictures can no longer give out as fixed points of assessment and contrast for the analysis of moral discourse. Doubts of the form, ‘But what could there be for moral sentences to correspond to?’ and ‘What would it be to examine that murder is wrong?’ lose an implication they once had. If philosophers of science follow Fine’s advice and stop asking the issue of what sort of relation to a special something makes a set sentence true, the old reasons for wondering what on earth (or in heaven) could make a moral sentence true will disintegrate. And in their absence, the normal language user’s disposition to say ‘It’s true that murder is wrong’ will seem entirely in order–which is to say, neither metaphysically tainted by philosophical pragmatism nor in require of being taken at something other than face value. The natural ontological attitude is to take science and its feature uses of ‘true’ at face value, without the overlie of philosophical interpretation provided by something grander than evocative anthropology. This attitude promises to fall apart the triangular debate in which natural law theory participates and to reinstate moral discourse to respectability. The threat of adverse contrasts with science disappears–and together with it the rationale for viewing natural law theory as a courtly knight defending the honor of morality against its profligate modern detractors. Indeed, the line of demarcation between science and ethics begins to disappear. Thus the natural ontological attitude is fundamentally at odds with the temperament that looks for explicit boundaries demarcating science from pseudoscience, or that is liable to award the title â€Å"scientific† like a blue ribbon on a prize goat’ (Arthur Fine, 1986). While Fine’s attitude is applied to ethics, it leans not only to restore one’s confidence in moral truth but also to recuperate the thought that moral and scientific truth are inseparably entwined. Not as the teleological cosmos has been reconstituted. One reason is that when we try to abstain from big pictures and instead try to make sense of science in the grained way, it will become not viable to avoid evaluating the human purposes, virtues, communities, and social consequences that form in the stories of scientific endeavors. Another reason is that it once all over again becomes natural to divulge that moral truths depend (though not in the systemic and deductive way natural lawyers have at times claimed) on what the world and human beings are indeed like. If it were not true, for example, that members of our species have a inclination to bleed and experience pain when cut, definite acts that is cruel and ferocious would not be. If firing nuclear missiles caused no more damage than a large grenade, numerous sentences belonging to the ethics of war would change truth values. Counterfactuals like these conserve what is worth saving from the natural law principle of the ordo quem ratio non-facit (Russell Hittinger, 1889). Thus, we can say that natural law jurisprudence routinely lends itself to the teleological approach as it relies considerably on institutional moral reasoning. Moral reasoning is concerning the evaluation and development of existing institutions requires that we recognize the goals the institutions are to serve. Institutions are human creations that must to serve human purposes, and they can be made more effectual in serving those purposes by changes that human beings can make (Martin Dixon Robert McCorquodale, 1986). Though institutions usually are not formed deliberately, once we assume to evaluate them morally we come to consider them as if they were relics designed to achieve certain goals. To the degree that moral reasoning concerning institutions is guided by the goals the institutions in question are to provide, institutional reasoning may be called teleological. For instance, we appraise institutions of criminal justice in part by seeing how well they attain the goal of deterrence. But to say that a goal of the criminal justice system is anticipation is hardly informative unless we know what kind of behavior we are trying to deter. At least for generally liberal theories, the goal of protecting individual rights plays a main role in determining what kind of behavior to try to deter. So underlining that institutional reasoning should be teleological in the sense of being concerned with goals is not contrary with taking rights seriously. Natural law takes rights fatally is therefore teleological in the sense that it regards the protection of rights as placing restrictions on efforts to exploit the achievement of even the most commendable goals (Martin Dixon , 1993). The natural law of an existing or proposed institution needs evaluating the rules that partly comprise the institution (DJ Harris, 1991). These rules set patterns of behavior to be followed by many individuals as they interrelate over time. To find out whether the institution is in fact supporting the achievement of its goals, it is therefore essential to consider both the collective effects of large numbers of people acting on a particular rule and the interactions of the cumulative effects of conformity with the other rules the institution includes. For this reason natural law needs attention to incentives. Certain combination of rules, each of which can seem appropriate when measured in isolation, may create incentives that prevent institutional goals. At a minimum, rules must not be self-defeating in this way. Rules that give incentives that are not only consistent with, but actually promote, behavior that puts in to the attainment of institutional goals are preferable to those that do not, other things being one and the same. References: Arthur Fine, The Shaky Game: Einstein, Realism and the Quantum Theory ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986) DJ Harris, Cases and Materials on International Law Fourth Edition, (London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1991). Joel Feinberg, Harm to Self (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 87–94 Martin Dixon Robert McCorquodale, Cases and Materials on International Law (4th ed., Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press/Blackstone Press, 2003). Martin Dixon, Textbook on International Law, 2nd ed. (London: Blackstone Press, 1993). Russell Hittinger, â€Å"‘Varieties of Minimalist Natural Law'†, American Journal of Jurisprudence, 34 (1989). Sir William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1979). Thomas Aquinas, On Law, Morality and Politics (Indianapolis, 1988), Q. 90 A. 4. How to cite Natural Law jurisprudence automatically lends, Essay examples

Internet Identity Essays - Virtual Reality, Cyberspace, Identity

Internet Identity It is certain that the Internet impacts a person`s sense of identity. As humans, we are live by language, and as an Internet user, one submits himself to an existence that is pure language: written, audio, and visual language. This reality, distilled down to pure language, is appealing to most people. There is no violence online. There are no social expression norms. A person can be, say, or do precisely as he chooses. More than 131 million people populate the Internet. Why is VR so attractive? When a person is born, many things are decided for him. No one is asked if their name or visage adequately describes his person or psyche. His genetic makeup is created from that already contained in his parents, and they dress and feed him with things they personally enjoy. It is many years later before he can begin to make decisions about who he is, and by then, so much has been laid down as factual evidence to the content of his character. The Internet has now permeated our society. Someone can decide who they are at the beginning of a new life, to be reborn in cyberspace. There is the issue of naming oneself, to feel inside and find what makes someone himself. When one signs up with any Internet Service Provider, the first thing it will ask is for his new name. In *1*The Matrix*1* Mr. Anderson named himself Neo: "New" and also an anagram for the "One" he truly was. There is now also the ability to visualize the image of self and present that as an avatar in a visual virtual environment, a step up from nomenclature and font color self-expression. Deciding what one looks like as an imaginary character is also interesting, and like naming oneself it can be good psychotherapy. These are used in elaborate chat rooms where participants immerse themselves in whole new worlds, and where identity is defined by images and one's own character description. As in a story, dialogue will also define a character, virtual or otherwise. Your words are your deeds, your words are your body, says *2*Sherry Turkle*2*. There are even thousands of sites that offer self-inspection quizzes to help people define themselves in a few short questions. What is clear is that the Internet fluidly becomes an extension of the self, and can play an important role in defining our identities. Walt Whitman discusses childlike identity changes with, "A child went forth every day/And the first object he look'd upon/That object he became." In real life (RL) people are told what to do and where to be and how to do so. There are social norms that presume to inhibit our opinions. That is culture. Yet in Cyberspace, the immaterial existence of virtual reality (VR), people become in many ways, the masters of themselves and writers of the universe. How can that not be seen as more appealing?

Bills, Bolls, and Bulls

Bills, Bolls, and Bulls Bills, Bolls, and Bulls Bills, Bolls, and Bulls By Mark Nichol The Latin noun bulla, meaning â€Å"knob† or â€Å"round swelling,† is the source of a family of words starting with b followed by a vowel and the l sound (and sometimes additional letters and sounds), which are listed and defined in this post. Ball (in senses pertaining to a round object) and related words such as ballistics are cognates of words derived from bulla; like that term, they stem from a proto-Indo-European root meaning â€Å"blow† or â€Å"swell,† though by way of a Germanic language rather than Latin. (The word for a fancy dance party, and its derivative ballet, by contrast, are from a proto-Indo-European root meaning â€Å"reach† or â€Å"throw†; though one can throw a ball that is an object as well as one that is an event, the roots are apparently unrelated.) Meanwhile, bell (and bellow) likely stem from the former root with the sense of â€Å"roar† or â€Å"sound† but are not descended from bulla. Bill, in all the senses pertaining to a document or other piece of paper, comes ultimately from the notion of a knoblike seal used to authenticate a document. (In the sense of a bird’s beak or an ax-shaped tool or weapon, however, the word is unrelated.) Billet, referring originally to a written statement and then by extension to the housing of soldiers in private homes, authorized by such a statement, is a diminutive of bill. (Billet-doux- literally â€Å"sweet note†- is adopted from the French term meaning â€Å"love letter.†) Bowl, and bowler (the word for a type of hat) and bowling (the term for a sport), derive from bulla, as does boll, which describes a pod of cotton produced by flowering of the cotton plant. Bollocks are testicles, and the word is British English slang for â€Å"nonsense† or a stronger retort; the spelling variant bollix is reserved for describing an act of bungling or messing up. Bolero, the word for a type of dance, comes from the extension of bulla to describe a circular motion; the name for a short jacket sometimes worn by participants in such a dance has the same origin. Bulla itself survives in medical usage to describe a bony or blistered prominence, while bull, in the sense of a papal decree, and bulletin, denoting a notice, are cognate with bill. (Bull, when referring to male cattle and, by extension, the adult male of various species, likely comes from the proto-Indo-European root from which both â€Å"blow† and â€Å"roar† are derived, though linguists disagree about which sense inspired the word.) Bullet, meanwhile, betrays that projectiles fired by guns were originally ball shaped. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesWhat is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?Sit vs. Set

Struthiomimus - Facts and Figures

Struthiomimus - Facts and Figures Name: Struthiomimus (Greek for ostrich mimic); pronounced STROO-thee-oh-MIME-us Habitat: Plains of western North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and 300 pounds Diet: Plants and meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Ostrich-like posture; long tail and hind legs About Struthiomimus A close relative of Ornithomimus, which it closely resembled, Struthiomimus (ostrich mimic) galloped across the plains of western North America during the late Cretaceous period. This ornithomimid (bird mimic) dinosaur was distinguished from its more famous cousin by its slightly longer arms and stronger fingers, but because of the position of its thumbs it couldnt grasp food quite as easily. Like other ornithomimids, Struthiomimus likely pursued an opportunistic diet, feeding on plants, small animals, insects, fish or even carrion (when a kill was left unattended by other, larger theropods). This dinosaur may have been capable of short sprints of 50 miles per hour, but had a less taxing cruising speed in the 30 to 40 mph range.

Parental Support and Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parental Support and Education - Essay Example To excel in studies, it is not only the talent that is required. It takes a lot more things that include but are not limited to psychological health, physical health, emotional support of the parents, trust and confidence of the parents, financial support by the parents and encouragement by the parents upon achievement of goals. Children take parent’s appreciation as a reward for their hard work and feel more motivated to excel in studies and make their parents’ proud. On the other hand, when children know that their parents are indifferent to their success or failure, they are hardly left with any interest in studies. It is common for children to choose the profession of their parents. There is an intrinsic urge to follow the parents in their footsteps. This is the fundamental reason why the children of most doctors end up becoming doctors and the children of military officers also join military. Most of the children adopt their parents’ profession because they are used to the kind of life their parents have spent being associated with a certain profession. Just like a parent’s profession has a huge influence upon the selection of profession by the child, a parent’s level of education is also one of the key drivers of a child’s education. ... If the child does, he/she would not be appreciated. There are many external factors that also play an important role in the development of such a culture. People expect PhDs to educate their children to the same level. If they do not, they are not quite successful in the eyes of the society. Thus, many external and internal factors mutually work to make the children adjust their academic career in accordance with the career of the parents. Parental education is extremely important for the education of children. Educated parents are better able to understand the physical and psychological needs of their children because of the fact that they have themselves experienced the same obstacles in their time as their children do. In many conservative societies, parents still discourage their children from the use of computer because to them, computer is nothing more than a source of evil spread in the society. A vast majority of people who think in the same way are illiterate and are not at all aware of the wonders of the cyber world. These parents can not think beyond this that their child would watch porn if allowed to sit on the computer, while this is not true. A lot of children in these conservative societies take much longer to learn computer and develop sufficient competence in its operation and use as compared to the children in advanced societies with encouraging and supportive parents. In fact, the repulsive attitude towards technology cultivated in the minds of these children by their parents does not allow the children to interact with the technology the way they should for a long period of time even when they are away from their parents. In light of the points discussed in this paper, it can be concluded that parental

Project feasibility study report through Primary Research Assignment

Project feasibility study report through Primary Research - Assignment Example This paper will examine how the differences achieve different outcomes and goals between the various universities. By looking at the different universities, there will be different insight into the effectiveness of specific programs as well as the similarities that may be between different regions because of the expectations in design entrepreneurship for the current work force. Introduction Creating a different understanding of design entrepreneurship leads to specific careers and studies in the field. More important, it establishes distinct differences in how individuals receive training and what the outcome is of the education that is received (Reynolds et al, 2005: p 205). When looking at different concepts that are a part of design entrepreneurship as a part of the educational field, it can be seen that cultural and social influences directly impact those which are involved in this career field. More important, there are distinguished alternatives that are used by the teaching m ethods and expectations which are associated with various universities (Henry, Hill, 2005, p 98). ... ave individuals who have the capability to work as their own business while creating teams and working as leaders is one of the main proponents that is associated with this. From the entrepreneurship trends that are a part of society are also new economic standards and expectations that are leading to new types of training needed for those who are going through educational programs. Building ways to train individuals in legitimate areas then becomes a main proponent for the entrepreneurship. For those interested in design, this is furthered with the expectation that most who graduate with a degree will move into an entrepreneurial position, even while working in a specific career field or with a business. The nature of this work has made it pertinent for universities to establish a different option for individuals to understand how to work as design entrepreneurs (Kuratko, 2005: p. 577). Another concept which is specifically associated with entrepreneurship is based specifically on t he expectations for the changes in culture. The different universities which are now creating curricula for students are building on the global nature of a workforce as well as how this is directly associated with entrepreneurs. There is an understanding of how the universities can move to offer more options for a global corporate structure. At the same time, there is the need to understand how to create a different structure based on setting each university apart. Through current studies (Kothari, Handscombe, 2007, p 43), there is an understanding that universities are trying to educate students for a global work force. However, many are also using cultural differences as a way to create differences between the schools, specifically so there are distinctions for national prosperity as well

Emotional Transitions to Adulthood Essay -- Papers

Emotional Transitions to Adulthood During the early part of adulthood major emotional transition takes place. At the beginning of the adulthood lifestage you begin to seprate from your parents and family and no longer rely upon your peers to support you in a pratical way- such as doing your washing and also in a emotional way, you begin to find that your parents aren't such a big fixture in your life. During our early adulthood we spend alot of our time finding a partner and once we do we become emotionally attached and begin to rely upon our spouse for support as we once did our parents. During our adulthood we make the transition to 3 new roles- worker, partner and parent and must adapt emotionally to fit these new roles. Becoming a parent is a major life event which usually happens in adulthood. As a parent you must learn to deal with a whole new type of emotions and love which you possibly haven't felt before. Becoming a parent creates a greater feeling of self- worth. As life expectancy is increasing it is normal to have one parent (usually mother) still living yet it is not uncommon to have to deal with the death of at least one parent which is emotionally unbalancing. Greif is, emotionally, one of the hardest life evnts to deal with. It can take people years to get over the death of a loved one and some people never recover and can't laearn to deal with the huge sense of emptiness and loneliness the death of a loved one can leave. Towards the end of adulthood you have to deal with the feelings that your children no longer need you, which can be particulary hard when the youngest child leaves home as for most of ... ...e out-lived their spouse retirement can be a very lonely time with few chances to communicate with other people, particulary if they are still in mourning which is quite common. If they suffer from a disability it will likely effect their social life. It can often leave a person house-bound which will greatly effect their enjoyment of later adulthood. In conclusion, a persons enjoyment of life during later adulthood greatly depends on a variety things which leaves me doubtless in thinking that will effect a persons social life. Some people find as they get older their social becomes non- existent and it can also appear that they are simplt waiting to die. However, for some people, under the right circumstances their social life has never looked as healthy and their best part of their life was during retirement.

Advantages and Disadvatages of Modern Technology

Today’s society is heavily influenced and affected by technology. My paper will explain and highlight many advantages and disadvantages of technology on society. It will discuss some ways it can hinder reputations and how private matters can become public property because of technology. My paper will also reveal how technology can bring people closer together, although many people may beg to differ. Today’s society is driven and greatly influenced by technology. This can be a beneficial fact, and it can also be detrimental and yield major problems. Whether one is using a digital camera in order to snap a photo of a precious moment, or whether one is sneaking and videotaping an embarrassing video that will last forever, these are components of technology that effect society because it effects people. It is in the eye of the beholder of whether technology has more or less advantages than disadvantages on society. My paper will discuss some advantages and disadvantages of technology on society. There are many advantages of technology. Technology allows people to email, text, talk on the telephone, mow the lawn, vacuum carpets, blend food, straighten hair, add numbers, and the beneficial list goes on. Without technology, people would not be able to keep in touch with loved ones as easily; they would have to physically walk and talk face-to-face because cars would not even exist to deliver letters. We wouldn’t be able to cook many of the foods that we enjoy and that are nutritional. Mothers-to-be wouldn’t be able to see digital images of her baby nor hear its little heart beat without the power of technology. Many jobs, such as graphic†¦

The Constitution of the United States Essay - 880 Words

The Constitution of the United States The Preamble states the broad purposes the Constitution is intended to serve - to establish a government that provides for greater cooperation among the States, ensures justice and peace, provides for defense against foreign enemies, promotes the general well-being of the people, and secures liberty now and in the future. Article I of the Constitution is based on the legislative department. Section 1. Legislative Power; the Congress: is the nations lawmaking body. It is composed of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Section 2. House of Representatives: shall be made up of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States. Section 3.†¦show more content†¦Section 8. Powers of Congress: the Congress shall have power in order to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the general welfare of the United States. Section 9. Powers Denied to Congress: the migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing will think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation. Section 10. Powers Denied to the States: no state shall get into any sort of treaty, alliance, or confederat ion; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coins, or grant any title of nobility. Article II of the Constitution is talks about the Executive department. This Article is only made up of 4 sections, compared to Article I and its 10 sections. Section 1. Presidents and Vice President: the executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and together with the Vice President, be chose for the same term. Section 2. Presidents Powers and Duties: the President is the Commander in Chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militiaShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Island and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. 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